Logicians are indebted to Aristotle for many things, not least being his theory of demonstrative proof. But in his Rhetoric, Aristotle expands his notion of“proof”to provide a fuller set of three means by which a speaker or arguer may be persuasive in situations that are characterized by uncertainty. In this paper I explore those three ideas of logos, ethos, and pathos, explaining what each means and showing how they are as relevant for us today as they were then.%1958年，图尔敏出版了《论证之用》。同年，帕尔曼和奥尔布莱希特—泰特卡发表了《新修辞学》。这两部重要著作都明显受到亚里士多德的影响。实际上，帕尔曼甚至把他的著作看作是对亚里士多德理论的扩充和延展。另外，逻辑学家们从亚里士多德的理论中受益匪浅，不仅在于他关于演证理论，更在于他的修辞学理论。亚里士多德提供更丰富的三种方法来扩充关于“证明”的概念，通过这些方法，一个演讲者或者论辩者可能在充满不确定性的情形下被说服。本文探讨关于logos、ethos和pathos这三个概念，逐一解释其含义以及探讨它们在当代与人们之间的关系。
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