As incremental adverbs,"hai"and"dou"convey an implicit comparison and share the pragmatic common features of counter- anticipation and metalinguistic negation. Both can achieve semantic neutralization in the Lian construction. Under the constraints of their respective basic meanings,"hai"highlights situation continuity while"dou"directs attention to the prominence of special cases in a certain scope.While situation continuity is process-related and takes time as its reference frame,the prominence of special case is free from the aspect-tense constraint.Such differences can be verified by their co-occurrence with"le"(了)/"mei"(没)/"bu"(不),the choice of affirmative versus negative sentences, and other syntactic tests.%同为增量副词的"还"与"都"隐含比较义,具有反预期和元语否定的语用共性,在连字句中可以实现语义中和,"还"与"都"的中和受到基本义的制约,聚焦于情状的延续用"还",意欲凸显范围中的特例用"都","延续"是过程性的,要以时间为参照,范围中特例的凸显不受时体约束,这种差异可在句法上得到有效验证,体现在与"了""没""不"的共现使用以及对肯定与否定的选择使用等方面.
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