The waterbird diversity was surveyed from Aprial 5~May 5, 2011 in Tumuji National Nature, Inner Mongolia. The total 99567 waterbirds were seen which belonged 7 Order, 13 Family. Among of them, 13 species were National Protection birds. The biodiversity was analyzed by Shannon-Wiener index. The diversity index, uniformity index and Richness index is 1.849641, 0.336797 and 0.00042 respectively. The diversity of water, swamps, grass-lands and farmlands were compared. The results showed: the diver-sity index was water (1.791485)>swamps (1.789785)>grasslands (1.629579)>farmland (0.098193); the uniformity index is grass-land(0.701821)>swamps(0.368422)>water(0.330151)>farmland (0.098193);the richness index was grasslands (0.037313)>farm-lands(0.003175)>swamps(0.000951)>water(0.00063). The study will provide base materials for waterbird and habitats management in future.% 2011年4月5日~5月5日，在内蒙古图牧吉国家级自然保护区对春迁徙水类多样性进行了调查，共记录到鸟类7目13科45种99567只次。共记录到国家级重点保护鸟类13种26899只。应用鸟类多样性公式对春季水鸟多样性进行了分析，其多样性指数、均匀性指数和物种丰富度指数分别为1.849641、0.336797、和0.00042。并对水域、沼泽、草甸和农田水鸟多样性进行了比较；结果表明其多样性为水域（1.791485）>沼泽（1.789785）>草甸（1.629579）>农田（0.098193）；均匀性指数为草原（0.701821）>沼泽（0.368422）>水域（0.330151）>农田（0.098193）；物种丰富度指数为草原（0.037313）>农田（0.003175）>沼泽（0.000951）>水域（0.00063）。本研究为今后水鸟资源管理和濒危物种的保护提供了科学依据。
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