The spatial layout optimization of rural settlements is the main content of new rural construction, and also one of the key contents of the overall land use planning. The rational spatial layout optimization of rural settlements can not only promote the intensive use of land resources and improve rural production and living environment, but also accelerate the transfer of rural labor force and further narrow the gap between urban and rural development. In order to determine the type of spatial layout optimization of rural settlements scientifically and guide the optimization of spatial distribution of rural settlements and the practice of new rural construction effectively, this paper put forward a spatial distribution optimization method of rural residential areas based on town planning regulation, which was applied to Kekeyiligeng Town in Wuchuan County, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Under the regulation of land use planning at town level, the following steps were in process:First of all, the rural residential areas were divided into 2 different evolution directions based on the location within or outside the boundaries of urban construction land expansion: urbanization and non-urbanization. Specifically, the rural residential areas located within the boundaries of urban construction land extension were identified as urbanization type; conversely the rural residential areas outside the extended boundary range were defined as non-urbanization type. Secondly, the spatial layout optimization type of the urbanization type residential areas was determined as the community-based management mode due to that the rural residential areas as urbanization type were likely to be included in urban construction in their future development. Thirdly, for non-urbanization rural settlements, the evaluation index system for the comprehensive influence of rural residential patches was constructed from 3 aspects: the coordination of town planning, the convenience of production and living, and the activeness of residential areas. Based on comprehensive evaluation scores, the spatial layout optimization types of non-urbanization type were accordingly divided into 3 categories: comprehensive development, in-situ renovation, and combined migration. Finally, the rural settlements optimal layout scheme with 4 optimization types was formulated. The results showed that there were 6 rural residential areas identified as community-based management areas in the study area, with an area of 15.29 hm2, accounting for 2.92% of the total area of the town; 46 comprehensive development areas, with an area of 178.28 hm2, accounting for 35.04% of the non-urbanized rual residential area; 53 in-situ renovation areas, with an area of 189.20 hm2, accounting for 37.20%; 40 combined migration areas, with an area of 141.22 hm2, accounting for 27.76%; the paper also put forward a more specific optimization plan for the 4 optimization types of rural residential spatial layout. Under the framework of town planning regulation, and given full consideration to the space-time arrangement of the rural settlements layout optimization in the town planning period, the optimal layout scheme obtained by the method constructed in this paper is more accordant with practical circumstances in China, and the spatial distribution optimization method of rural residential areas based on town planning regulation can provide a new idea for spatial optimization and renovation of rural residential areas and also provide reference for related research.%为科学确定农村居民点空间布局优化类型,有效指导农村居民点空间布局优化及新农村建设实践.该文以武川县可可以力更镇为例,在乡镇规划调控的前提下,按农村居民点不同演化方向,将位于城镇建设用地扩展边界范围内的农村居民点确定为城镇化型,位于扩展边界范围外的农村居民点确定为非城镇化型.针对城镇化型农村居民点,因其未来演化方向而将其空间布局优化类型确定为社区化管理型;针对非城镇化型农村居民点,从乡镇总规协调度、生产生活便利度、居民点活跃度3大方面构建农村居民点斑块综合影响力评价指标体系,评价其综合影响力,并据此将其空间布局优化类型划分为综合发展潜力型、原地整治保持型、迁村并点扶持型3类.结果表明,可可以力更镇确定为社区化管理型的农村居民点6个,面积15.29 hm2;综合发展潜力型46个,面积178.28 hm2;原地整治保持型53个,面积189.20 hm2;迁村并点扶持型40个,面积141.22 hm2,并针对4种农村居民点空间布局优化类型提出较为具体的优化方案.研究结果符合可可以力更镇实际情况,能为农村居民点空间布局优化与整治提供新的思路.
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