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首页> 中文期刊> 《农业工程学报》 >黄淮海地区农作物秸秆资源分布及利用结构分析

黄淮海地区农作物秸秆资源分布及利用结构分析

         
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为推动区域农作物秸秆全量化利用，以黄淮海地区5省市为研究对象，对各类农作物秸秆进行了统计分析，计算了5省市农作物秸秆资源量、秸秆资源密度、人均秸秆资源占有量，明确了秸秆资源分布及利用现状，初步分析了秸秆全量化利用的潜势。结果表明：黄淮海5省市农作物秸秆资源理论数量达到2.4×108 t，可收集量达到2.1×108 t。秸秆综合利用率达76%，其中肥料化、饲料化、基料化、能源化、原料化利用分别占已利用量的49.0%、31.6%、4.4%、8.8%、6.2%。秸秆资源密度和人均秸秆资源占有量均高于全国平均水平。通过分析黄淮海各省（市）秸秆潜在利用途径，预测竞争性秸秆利用需求量为1.5×108 t，分别为肥料化6.7×107 t、饲料化5.7×107 t、基料化1.1×107 t、原料化1.8×107 t，秸秆资源可能源化利用量则为8.80×107 t。在已有利用结构基础上，黄淮海地区秸秆实现全量化利用的总体趋势表现为“两个增加”、“一个减少”、“两个调节”，即基料化和原料化利用分别增加2.5×106和6.3×106 t，饲料化利用减少4.8×105 t，肥料化利用调节范围为−2.2×107～7.2×107 t，能源化利用调节范围为0～7.2×107 t。并提出“区域统筹，整体推进”，建立长效运行机制的工作思路。%With the continuous increase of crop yields, the amount of straw, as a by-product, also increased progressively. At the same time, since agricultural production style and farmers' lifestyle have changed a lot, the distribution of straw appeared regional, seasonal and structural surplus. More and more straw was thrown away and open burning at will, causing not only a huge waste of resource, but also a series of problems, like atmospheric pollution and traffic interruption and so on. To solve the problems caused by relative straw surplus fundamentally, and to prevent the series of damage brought by open burning, the key point was to realize the full utilization of the total straw. It was of great significance to fully recognize and correctly evaluate the developing potential of straw resource for making better use of total straw and optimizing utilization structure. This study made the research target with five provinces in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain; combined with literature survey and organizing some discussions, the yield, distribution density, amount per capita and utilization status of crop straw resource in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain of China were estimated, and the potential utilization of total straw was discussed. The results showed that crop straw resource in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain was very abundant, the theoretical amount of crop straw in five provinces was 2.4 ×108 t in 2012, and it was 8.9 ×107, 9.4 ×107, 7.4 ×106, 3.1 ×107, 7.7 ×106, 1.9 ×106, 2.3 ×106 and 6.5 ×106 t for maize, wheat, rice, peanut, cotton, legume, potatoes and other crops, respectively. The collectable straw amount was 2.1 ×108t. The mean comprehensive utilization efficiency of crop straw reached 76% in this area of five provinces, and straw utilization efficiency of Hebei Province was higher than the other four. Crop straw was mainly used as fertilizer, fodder, stroma, fuel and feed stock, accounting for 49.0%, 31.6%, 4.4%, 8.8% and 6.2%, respectively, in terms of usage amount, but there existed obvious difference in straw use structure among five provinces. The density of straw resource and straw resource per capita in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain were higher than national average value, but the result from Tianjin was opposite. By analyzing potential use ways, it could be forecasted the competitive demand amount for straw resource was 1.5×108 t, of which straw utilization amounts for fertilizer, fodder, stroma and feed stock were 6.7×107, 5.7×107, 1.1×107 and 1.8×107 t, respectively. Potential straw amount for energy utilization was 8.8×107 t. Based on the results as above, the general trend for total straw utilization in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain could be summarized as ‘ two increase’, ‘ one decrease’ and ‘ two regulation’. On the basis of original use structure, straw utilization amount for stroma and feed stock would increase by 2.5×106 and 6.3×106 t, and reduce by 4.8×105 t for fodder utilization. Adjustment range of straw amount for fertilizer was from -2.2×107 to 7.2×107 t, and for fuel utilization was from 0 to 7.2×107 t. It should take ‘regional planning as a whole’, which means that taking county or village and town as a research unit, and setting up a mechanism for long-term operation are suggested to promote total straw utilization in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain.

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