针对传统的轴流式果园弥雾机在葡萄园作业时,喷药量分配不均匀、农药大量浪费的现象,研制了一种以小四轮拖拉机为动力源,适用于葡萄园作业的立管风送式喷雾机.该立管风送式喷雾机通过设置在拖拉机变速箱左侧的变速取力器把拖拉机的动力传递给后方的柱塞泵和离心风机,离心风机吹出的气流,通过固定在竖直喷架两侧的风筒出风口高速吹出,这不仅防止了雾滴的飘移,而且二次雾化了雾滴,增加了雾滴在葡萄冠层间的穿透性.利用室内试验和样机田间试验测试了该立管风送式结构的防飘、二次雾化功能以及雾滴在树冠中的附着率,结果表明：在自然风速为3.5和4.5 m/s,风管出风口风速为30和35 m/s 的条件下,立管风送辅助喷雾技术能够有效地减少雾滴的飘失,雾滴体积中值直径在150μm 以下,雾滴扩散比在0.74以上,二次雾化性能良好；在喷头距离植株30 cm,拖拉机前进速度为1.5 m/s,柱塞泵压力为0.25 MPa、风机转速为2500 r/min 时,树体内部枝叶正反面雾滴附着率分别为70.2%和30.2%,树膛外部枝叶正反面附着率分别为85.6%和49.3%,满足葡萄园喷雾标准的要求.%For avoiding pesticide waste due to uneven spraying volume distribution of the traditional axial mist sprayer, riser air-blowing vineyard sprayer was developed which took small four-wheel tractors as power. Through the variable power takeoff installed in the left of the speed change box in tractor, the riser air-blowing vineyard sprayer transferred the power from tractor to rear plunger pump and centrifugal blower. When the airflow blown by the centrifugal blower was blown through air outlet of wind-cone installed both sides of the vertical spray rack, it can not only prevent the droplet drifting, but also atomize the droplet and increase the penetration of the droplet in the grapes. Because of different vineyard row distances, adjustable spray frame structure was designed. It is connected by three segments of square steel tubes which was adjustable and had a series of holes. Through the adjustable spray frame structure, the spray distance of sprayer was from 800 mm to 1 600 mm. The indoor and field experiments of prototype were done to test the anti-floating performance, secondary atomization performance of vertical wind-cane structure and adhesive rate of droplet in crown. The experimental results indicated that when the natural wind speed was 3.5 to 4.5 m/s and the air speed of duct outlet was 30 and 35 m/s, the pesticide drift was reduced, the deposition were increased, the volume median diameter(VMD)of the droplets were less than 150μm, the diffusion ratio(DR)of the droplets was more than 0.74, and the secondary atomization performance was better. The droplet adhesion rate in leaves on positive and negative sides inside the trees reached 70.22% and 30.21% respectively, and that on leaves of positive and negative sides outside the trees reached 85.69% and 49.36% respectively when the distance between the nozzle and the tree was 30 cm, the speed of the tractor was 1.5 m/s, the pressure of plunger pump for sprayer was 0.25 MPa, the speed of the fan was 2 500 r/min. These parameters meet the requirement.
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