为了分析比较不同施肥方式下的畦灌施肥性能,该文取水溶后可直接形成不同形态氮素的硫酸铵为施用肥料,开展入畦流量为3和6 L/(m·s)下的化肥液施与撒施畦灌试验,基于田间实测数据计算了施氮分布均匀性、施氮储存率和施氮满足率指标值,分析了液施与撒施硫酸铵下畦灌施肥性能之间的差异.结果表明,畦灌液施与撒施在施氮分布均匀性、施氮存储率和施氮满足率等指标值上存在显著性差异,且前者比后者分别平均高出14.5、14.3和8.4个百分点,因此液施是较优畦灌施肥方式；对局部畦段,液施大流量与小流量下施氮分布均匀性差异显著,前者平均高出后者4.2个百分点,因此液施宜选择6 L/(m·s)；撒施大流量与小流量下施氮分布均匀性、施氮存储率和施氮满足率间差异显著,对整体畦长而言,小流量施氮分布均匀性比大流量高出5.5个百分点,小流量施氮储存率和施氮满足率分别高出大流量5.3和3.2个百分点,因此撒施宜选择3 L/(m·s).该结论为评价和优化畦灌施肥系统提供了科学依据.%In order to analyze and compare the basin irrigation performance among different fertilization methods, ammonium-sulphate was selected as fertilizer to perform basin irrigation experiments with fertigation and conventional fertilization methods. Three kinds of indices for practical basin irrigation, such as nitrogen uniformity, nitrogen efficiency and nitrogen adequacy, were calculated. At the same time, the basin irrigation performance differences with fertigation and conventional fertilization were analyzed. The results showed that the nitrogen uniformity, efficiency and adequacy between fertigation and conventional fertilization had significant differences. The indices' values of fertigation were 14.5, 14.3 and 8.4 percentage point higher than the irrigation conventional fertilization, respectively. For local basin, the nitrogen uniformity between large (6 L/(m-s)) and small (3 L/(m-s)) discharge for fertigation had significant difference, and the former was 4.2 higher than latter, thus the former was more suitable than the latter. For the basin irrigation with conventional fertilization, the nitrogen uniformity, efficiency and adequacy between large and small discharge had significant difference. For global basin, the nitrogen uniformity of small discharge was 5.5 percentage point higher than the large discharge, and nitrogen efficiency and adequacy of small discharge were 5.3 and 3.2 higher than the large discharge, respectively. This research can provide the scientific basis for evaluation and optimization of basin irrigation system with fertilization.
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