在有限单元分析中,需将作用于单元的外力按虚功等效原则,移置到结点上成为等效结点力.由于数学运算的困难,往往限制了工程技术人员运用有限单元技术分析实际具有分布力的工程问题.以常用空间20结点单元为例,详述荷载等效过程,附注自编FORTRAN程序.并利用FEA软件进行计算对比验证程序正确性,为学者学习温度、预应力等类似工程问题的等效结点荷载计算提供有益参考.%In the finite element analysis, the external force acting on the element needs to be transferred to the node as the equivalent node force according to the principle of virtual work equivalence. Due to the difficulty of mathematical operations, engineers and technicians are often limited to use finite element technique to analyze practical distributed engineering problems. Taking the commonly used space 20-node element as an example, the equivalent process of load is described in detail. The software FEA is used to calculate and compare the correctness of the program, which provides a useful reference for scholars to study the equivalent nodal load of temperature, prestress and other similar engineering problems.
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