在我国的铁路系统当中，接触网的设备由于经常裸露在外面，运行环境是非常严苛的，因此，运行的环境极其容易受到外部环境的影响而产生变化。据不完全统计，每年由于外部环境而造成的接触网设备故障已经达到了70%以上。因此，需要从根本上提高接触网设备使用外部环境的能力，大幅度的降低设备故障率，保障机车的运行安全。本文首先对接触网的特点及要求进行了概述；而后，对造成接触网设备故障的外部因素做了分析；其次，针对这些外部安全风险提出了相对应的措施。最后，以避雷为例，对采取措施之后的效果进行了分析。%In China's railway system, catenary equipment is bare outside, so the operation environment is very harsh, therefore, the operation environment is easily affected by external environment and produce change. According to incomplete statistics, the catenary equipment failure caused by external environment has reached more than 70% each year. Therefore, it is necessary to fundamentally improve the external environment of catenary device operation, so as to greatly reduce the equipment failure rate, and guarantee the safety operation of the locomotive. This article first introduces the characteristics and requirements of catenary, and analyzes the external factors of catenary device failure, and then proposes corresponding measures. Finally, in the case of lightning protection, the effect of the measures is analyzed.
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