Based on the information transmission principle-the information source is transported to information channel through the encoder, and then transported to the sink through the decoder -of information theory model, this paper proposed the cognitive workload model of the operator of NPP. Information showed in the display screens and information said by other operators is considered as information source. The vision and auditory receptors of operator are considered as encoder, brain center and accessory nerve system is regarded as information channel, the man and machine system is regarded as sink. And this paper developed several influencing factors of cognitive workload, which belongs to the “encoder”, “decoder” and interface management of the model proposed. In this paper, analytic hierarchy process is used to verify the importance of the several factors. It is researched for providing advice of improving cognitive work efficiency of operators.%文章基于信息理论模型下信息传输原理———信源通过编码器到信道，再经译码器传输给信宿，提出了核电厂操纵员认知工作负荷模型。将显示屏显示的信息、其他操纵员口述信息看做信源，人的视觉听觉接收器看做编码器，大脑中枢及附属神经系统看做信道，大脑中枢信息处理为译码器，人机系统为信宿。并提出了该模型下的“编码器”，“译码器”阶段及界面管理的认知工作负荷的几个影响因素，用层次分析法分析验证了它们的重要程度，为提高操纵员认知工作效率提供建议。
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