This paper studies the mechanism of cold-work hardening of steel from the perspective of metal crystal structure and use the conclusion to explain some experimental phenomena. By analyzing the experimental phenomena, the factors affecting the performances of steel materials were found. The results show that in order to ensure the steel materials have good intensity and plasticity and avoid the brittleness damage, reasonable deformation, aging temperature and time should be used in the process of construction.%从金属晶体结构角度研究钢材冷作硬化的机理，并运用结论解释实验现象。通过对实验现象的分析，深入探究影响钢材力学性能变化的因素。结果表明，为保证钢材在使用过程中有良好的强度及塑性，并避免脆性造成的损害，在施工过程中应合理选择变形量和时效温度及时间。
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