For the purpose of protecting farmland and making land policy, to understand the reasons, the advantage and disadvantage of farmland fragmentation in China is very important. This paper summarizes and compares literatures on farmland fragmentation and farmland ecosystem, gives a comprehensive description on this issue. The analysis shows farmland fragmentation problem is obvious in current China. Most researches focus on the negative effect on agricultural production. But still a few studies indicate farmland fragmentation has positive effect on farmer’s income. Besides, there are many practical issues in the solution of fragmentation. Furthermore, large-scale agriculture caused soil degradation in farmland and agricultural ecosystem destruction. This paper suggest in Chinese current situation and practical problems of fragmental farmland, small-scale farming perhaps is more reasonable and sustainable than large-scale farming which based on land consolidation.% 在总体上把握我国农地细碎化的成因和细碎化农业的利弊，对于制定适合的耕地质量保护提升和生产模式对策意义重大。本文对我国农地细碎化的成因、细碎化农业面临的现实问题、细碎化农业的利弊等研究文献进行了梳理和概括分析。分析结果表明：我国的农地细碎化现状很明显，多半的研究集中在农地细碎化的负面影响上，主要体现在降低了产量上；少数研究表明细碎化尽管降低了产量，但实际上有利于提高农户收入；解决农地细碎化现状目前还面临许多难题；大规模化农业带来的土壤退化和农业生态破坏问题极为严重。本文提出了在我国农地细碎化现状和分布特点的情况下，在未来更长时间内，小规模农业更具有合理性和可持续发展的能力，或许是比大规模农业更好的生产模式。
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