As a kind of sudden natural disasters, earthquake occurrence time is short, spread wide, and disaster caused is serious. The bridge is an important part of the hub transport lifeline system. The world many earthquakes show that the bridge is easily damaged part. In recent years, the major earthquake in China has brought the huge loss to China's economy, but also caused significant damage to the highway bridge. Through the studies on the method of bridge damage identification at home and abroad in recent years, according to the different levels of importance of bridge, the paper establishes the effective identification method, providing theory evidence for earthquake damage detection of bridges.% 地震作为一种突发性的自然灾害，发生时间短、波及面积广、造成灾害程度严重。桥梁是交通生命线系统中重要的枢纽部分，世界多次大地震表明，桥梁是地震中较易受损伤的部分。近年来，我国几次较大的地震给我国的经济带来了巨大的损失，同时也对公路桥梁造成了重大损伤，通过对国内外近几年桥梁损伤识别方法的研究总结，针对不同重要性等级桥梁，确立快速识别桥梁震后损伤的有效方法，为震后桥梁损伤检测提供有力的理论依据。
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