The material which forms the basis of this study was collected from two hominoid localities,Shihuiba of Lufeng and Leilao of Yuanmou, in Yunnan Province in the last twenty years. Five forms of eomyid rodents, Plesieomys mirabilis gen. et sp. nov. , Heteroeomys yunnanensis gen. et sp. nov. , Leptodontomys pusillus sp. nov., Leptodontomys sp. and Eomyidae gen. et sp. indet, are now recognized in the two late Miocene faunas. Morphologically, Plesieomys n. gen. shows some similarities to Pseudadjidaumo Lindsay, 1972 of North America, but the phylogenetic relationship of the new genus to the American genus is uncertain. Heteroeomys exhibits a mixture of primitive and advanced dental features of bunodont eomyids and might be descended from an early Eomys species. Leptodontomys pusillus is characterized by its smaller size, weaker developed lingual anteroloph on M1/2, narrow anterolophid and poor mesolophid and hypolophid on m1/2. The eomyid record in Yunnan indicates that eomyid rodents are a wideranging family in Asia, and that forested habitats are preferred more by eomyids with bunodont cheekteeth than by eomyids with lophodont cheek-teeth.
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