介绍三峡工程水环境与水生态现状，分析三峡工程对库区及坝下水文情势、水质、库区及支流富营养化等水环境的影响，以及工程运行对水生态系统、饵料生物、鱼类及珍稀水生动物等水生态的影响，提出优化水库调度、加强城镇生活污水处理、工业废水防治、农村面源治理、饮用水源地保护等水环境保护对策，以及开展栖息地保护、物种保护、人工增殖放流、生态调度等水生生态保护对策。%This paper introduces the water environmental and aquatic ecological status of the Three Gorges Project. The impacts of the project on the aquatic environment, involving hydrological regimes, water quality, reservoir eutrophication, and water blooms in the tributaries, are analyzed. The project ’ s impacts on aquatic ecology, including the aquatic ecosystem, food organisms, fish species, and rare aquatic animals, are also analyzed. Several measures are proposed to protect the water environment, including optimization of reservoir regulation, urban sewage treatment, industrial waste water control, rural non-point source pollution control, and drinking water source protection. For the protection of the aquatic ecosystem, some measures are put forward, including habitat conservation, species conservation, artificial enhancement and release of fish, and ecological reservoir regulation.
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