Considering the characteristics of water dynamics in medium-and small-sized rivers and pollutant emission in sudden water pollution accidents , the pollution source was generalized as a discontinuous source distributing over a time period.Based on the one-dimensional convection-diffusion equation and observation information of the time sequence of pollutant concentration in a downstream section where the accidents happened , an inverse problem of the source intensity change process in sudden water pollution accidents in medium -and small-sized rivers was established , and a mathematical method for solving this inverse problem was given .A typical case was structured to verify the solving method , through the analytical solution to the convection-diffusion equation.% 根据中小型河流水动力特性及突发性水污染事故污染物排放特征，将污染源概化为分布于某一时段的非连续源，基于一维对流-扩散方程，依据事故下游断面污染物浓度的时间序列观测资料，构造中小型河道突发水污染事故污染源强的反问题，给出反问题的数学求解方法。并构造典型案例，通过一维对流分散问题的解析解，对反问题的求解方法进行验证。
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