自下而上、自愿行动的一事一议机制是当前我国农村社区公共品供给的基本机制,该机制下社区公共项目建设需要村民进行集体选择,并由村干部负责项目建设工作.一事一议早期项目建设基本依赖"民办",村民集体行动陷入困境;2008年后财政奖补政策的实施使农村社区公共品供给进入了"民办公助"新时期,有效调动了村民通过集体行动建设公共品的积极性,但是财政奖补没有直接对村干部的相关行为进行激励.基于福建省的调研分析表明,村干部的工作积极性之所以被调动,是由于政府与村民联合起来向村干部施加同向而有效的影响,其中乡镇通过村干部绩效考核、村民通过村民代表会议对村干部行为施加影响,同时村民直选导致村主任的工作积极性更高.应进一步完善村干部绩效考核机制和村民民主机制,继续提高财政奖补额度,并给予人口规模小的村庄更多支持,以促进农村社区公共品的有效供给.%"One case,one meeting" system from bottom to above is the basic mechanism for the supply of village-level public goods now,which means that the construction projects of the village-level public need collective choices and are responsible for the construction by village cadres."One case,one meeting" system's early projects basically depended on villagers and the collective operations of the villagers were in predicament.After 2008,financial rewards and subsidy policy implementation made rural community public goods supply enter into a new stage with "public support but running by local people",which effectively motivated the villagers to construct public goods via collective operations,but the financial rewards and subsidy did not directly motivate the corresponding behaviors of the village cadres.The survey and analysis based on Fujian Province show that the working enthusiasm of the village cadres is because of the effective impact of the cooperated actions between government and villagers on village cadres,among which the cadres'behaviors are affected by their performance examination by town government and villagers meetings,meanwhile,the direct election of village head results in the working enthusiasm higher than village secretary.China should further perfect cadre performance examination mechanism and villagers democratic mechanism,continue to promote financial rewards and subsidy,and give more support to the villages with small population so as to boost the effective supply of rural community public goods.
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