研究刻芽和扭枝对梨不同优系幼树成枝力和成花数的影响,为实现其早果、丰产和省力化栽培提供理论依据.研究方法上采用以6个2年生不同优系为试材,于早春对其主干进行刻芽处理,并对当年发生的侧枝在半木质化时从基部进行扭枝处理,调查统计刻芽后幼树成枝力和扭枝后树体生长和成花状况.研究结果表明,刻芽后,6个优系发枝量分别比对照样本增加了225％、116％、160％、122％、136％、150％,处理样本与对照样本之间差异显著.扭枝对6个优系树高、枝长的影响未达显著性差异,但6个优系均比对照样本的花芽量多,相对而言,杂交优系Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ成花量少,平均每株有花芽2个,处理样本与对照样本之间差异显著,花芽量分别是对照样本的7.0倍、1.6倍、4.0倍;杂交优系Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的花芽量多,平均每株有花芽4.4个,处理样本与对照样本之间差异不显著.综上所述,刻芽能显著地提高梨幼树成枝力,西洋梨×东方梨比东方梨×东方梨杂交优系的成枝力高;扭枝对梨幼树的生长发育影响小,但能提高幼树的成花数,尤其对不易成花的含有西洋梨基因的优系效果更加显著.%In order to provide some theoretical basis for early fruit,high yield and laborsaving cultivation in pear,effects of bud-notching and shoot-twisting on branching ability and flower number in different superior hybrid lines of pear were researched.Six two-years optimal lines were used as materials,bud-notching was carried out in early spring,new semi-lignified lateral branches were treated through shoot-twisting from base,and branching ability and flower buds formation after the treatments.The results showed that compared with the control,branch number of six optimal lines were increased by 225％,116％,160％,122％,136％,150％,and the differences between the treatments and the control was significant.Under the treatment of twisting shoot,trees height and branch length of six optimal lines showed no significant differences,but flower bud number of all six optimal lines was increased compared with the control.Superior hybrid lines of Ⅳ,Ⅴ and Ⅵ had less flower buds,two flower buds per plant,and flower bud number was respectively 7.0 times,1.6 times,4 times of the control,which had significantly differences from the control.Superior hybrid lines of Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ had more flower buds,4.4 flower buds per plant,which had no significant differences from the control.Bud-notching could significantly improve branching ability of young pear trees,and branching ability of superior hybrid lines of European pear × oriental pear was higher than that of oriental pear × oriental pear.Shoot-twisting had less effects on growth and development of young pear trees,but it could increase flower bud number of young pear trees and had especially significant effects on the superior hybrid lines with European pear genes.
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