In order to provide theoretical basis for cold resistance characters in Malus sieversii, using the leaves of M. sieversii forest at five areas of Xinjiang as experiment materials, including Huocheng county, Gongliu county, Xinyuan county, Emin county and Toli county, anatomical structures of the leaves of M. sieversii at different habitats were observed through using paraffin producer method making slice, some indexes were determined, and the difference of cold resistances were analyzed. The indexes included leaf thickness, upper epidermal thickness, lower epidermal thickness, palisade tissue thickness, sponge tissue thickness, ratio of palisade tissue to sponge tissue, tightness degree of leaf tissue structure (CTR), and loose degree of leaf tissue structure (SR). The results indicated that leaves from Toli county had the largest ratio of palisade tissue to sponge tissue, the largest value of CTR and the least value of SR, and its anatomical structure had significant differences with those of the other four natural M. sieversii populations (P < 0.05), so it had stronger cold resistance. Based on the cold resistance from high to low, the order of 5 natural M. sieversii populations was the population in Toli county, the population in Emin county, the population in Gongliu county, the population in Huocheng county, the population in Xinyuan county.%为给新疆野苹果抗寒性状的筛选提供理论依据，以新疆霍城县、巩留县、新源县、额敏县和托里县共5个地区野苹果林的叶片为研究对象，采用石蜡制片法制作切片，观察不同生境新疆野苹果叶片解剖结构，测量其叶片厚度、上表皮厚度、下表皮厚度、栅栏组织厚度、海面组织厚度、栅海比、叶片组织结构紧密度（CTR）、叶片组织结构疏松度（SR）等指标，分析其抗寒性差异。结果表明，托里县的叶片栅海比和 CTR 最大，SR 最小，与其它4个自然居群野苹果叶片解剖结构存在显著差异（P ＜0.05），表明其抗寒能力较强。5个自然居群新疆野苹果抗寒性由强到弱排序依次为：托里县野苹果、额敏县野苹果、巩留县野苹果、霍城县野苹果、新源县野苹果。
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