The water temperature is a vital factor to the health of aquatic ecosystems. Taking a power plant located in Yangtze River estuary as an example, we simulate thermal discharge diffusion under different hydrological conditions by using MIKE21 model. The analysis results show that the influence of high temperature rise is small while the impact of low temperature rise is large. The rank from large to small of influenced area is winter neap, summer spring-tide and winter spring-tide. And the temperature rise at the discharge outlet has greater impact on the upstream during high tide, while in ebb tide, the temperature rise impact scope to the downstream is more large, so the influenced area becomes larger as well. The results are helpful to pro-tecting the health of ecosystem as well as the regulation of power plants in Yangtze River estuary.%水温是影响水域生态系统健康的重要因子，以长江口某电厂温排水为例，采用MIKE21模型对不同水文条件下电厂温排水扩散影响进行数值模拟。模拟结果显示：电厂温排水温升扩散呈现出高温升影响范围小、低温升影响较大的规律；温升影响面积从大到小依次为冬季小潮、夏季大潮、冬季大潮；涨潮时期排水口温升对上游影响较大，而落潮过程中温升向下游扩散，影响范围较涨潮更大。研究成果对电厂管理及长江口海域生态系统健康的保护具有重要的参考意义。
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