With the quick development of society and economy, the frequency, impact scope and damage degree of abrupt wa-ter pollution accident increase successively. To effectively deal with abrupt water pollution accident and guarantee the water use safety of livings, production and ecology, it is necessary and urgent to construct emergent treatment capability system for abrupt water pollution accident in river basin. On the basis of the analysis on state quo of the emergent treatment capability system and the existed problems, the necessity and objectives of the system construction are discussed and the concrete demands and tasks of the construction of the system are analyzed from 5 aspects of emergency mechanism and pre-plan system, risk prevention and control system, emergent monitoring capability, emergent consultation and decision making capability, emergent support capabili-ty. The correlative implement suggestions and measures are put forward.%随着经济社会的快速发展，突发水污染事件在发生频次、影响范围、危害程度等方面呈不断上升趋势，为有效应对突发水污染事件，保障生活、生产、生态用水安全，亟待加强流域突发水污染事件应急能力体系建设。在分析流域突发水污染事件应急能力建设现状和存在问题的基础上，论述了加强流域突发水污染事件应急能力体系建设的必要性和目标，从应急机制与预案体系、风险防控体系、应急监测能力、应急会商与决策能力和应急保障能力5个方面分析了应急能力体系建设的具体要求和任务，提出了相关的实施措施。
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