长江流域特别是上中游地区的水土保持工作，关系到流域经济社会的可持续发展以及我国国民经济和社会发展的大局。介绍了长江流域水土流失的现状和特点。自1989年实施“长治”工程及一批国家重点防治工程以来，长江流域的水土保持生态建设取得了显著成效，实现了水土流失面积由增到减、生态环境总体向好的历史性转变。今后，应采取科学防治、依法监管、综合治理和改革创新等对策措施，全面构建以长江经济带为核心区域、辐射整个长江流域的水土流失防治体系，有效保护和支撑长江经济带乃至长江流域经济社会全面、协调、可持续发展。%The soil and water conservation work in Yangtze River Basin, especially the regions in upper and middle stream, concerns the sustainable development of society and economy in the basin and the overall national economy and social develop-ment. The situation and characteristics of the soil and water loss of Yangtze River Basin are introduced. Since the Changzhi pro-ject beginning in 1989 ( The national key projects for soil and water conservation in upper Yangtze River) , the soil and water con-servation and ecological construction of Yangtze River Basin has gained remarkable achievements, the soil and water loss area is reduced and the ecological environment is improved. In the future, the countermeasures such as scientific prevention and control-ling, monitoring and management by the law, comprehensive harnessing and reform and innovation, should be adopted. The pre-vention and controlling system of soil and water loss, which takes the Yangtze River economic belt as core region and covers the whole Yangtze River Basin, should be established, so as to protect and support the overall, coordinated and sustainable develop-ment of society and economy of Yangtze River economic belt as well as Yangtze River Basin.
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