钱塘江河口是举世闻名的强潮河口，凶猛的涌潮和台风暴潮对钱塘江海塘具有极强的破坏力。为了抵御钱塘江暴潮的破坏，五代以来沿江人民在实践中不断探索海塘修筑技术，创建了具有时代特色并适应经济要求的各种海塘塘型。钱塘江海塘按迎水面护面建筑材料可划分为土塘、竹笼木桩塘、石囤木柜塘、柴塘、石塘和混凝土塘；按几何外形和受力条件可大致分为直立塘、斜坡塘及由两者混合而组成的混合塘。现根据钱塘江海塘中塘型出现的时间先后，介绍不同的塘型及其结构，以期对堤塘设计有所裨益。%Qiantang estuary is a well-known strong tidal estuary .Tidal bore has a strong destructive power on Qiantang estuary seawall .Since the Five Dynasties ,in order to resist the destruction caused by the tidal bore of Qiantang estuary ,people along the river have been continuously exploring the seawall construction technologies and creating various seawall types which adapts to the economy requirements with era characteristics .According to protective building materials near water ,Qiantang estuary seawall can be divided into the soil seawall ,the bamboo cage&wooden stake seawall ,the firewood seawall ,the stone seawall and concrete seawall .According to the geometric shape and loading conditions ,the seawall can be divided into the vertical seawall ,the slope-type seawall and the mixed type seawall .In accordance with the appearance time of structure type for Qiantang estuary seawall , the types and structures of the seawall are introduced one by one to provide reference for the seawall design .
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