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Evaluationof the Single Dilute (0.43 M) Nitric AcidExtraction to Determine Geochemically Reactive Elements in Soil

机译:评价(0.43 M)稀硝酸的含量萃取法测定土壤中的地球化学反应元素

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摘要

Recently a dilute nitric acid extraction (0.43 M) was adopted by ISO (ISO-17586:2016) as standard for extraction of geochemically reactive elements in soil and soil like materials. Here we evaluate the performance of this extraction for a wide range of elements by mechanistic geochemical modeling. Model predictions indicate that the extraction recovers the reactive concentration quantitatively (>90%). However, at low ratios of element to reactive surfaces the extraction underestimates reactive Cu, Cr, As, and Mo, that is, elements with a particularly high affinity for organic matter or oxides. The 0.43 M HNO3 together with more dilute and concentrated acid extractions were evaluated by comparing model-predicted and measured dissolved concentrations in CaCl2 soil extracts, using the different extractions as alternative model-input. Mean errors of the predictions based on 0.43 M HNO3 are generally within a factor three, while Mo is underestimated and Co, Ni and Zn in soils with pH > 6 are overestimated, for which possible causes are discussed. Model predictions using 0.43M HNO3 are superior to those using 0.1 M HNO3 or Aqua Regia that under- and overestimate the reactive elementcontents, respectively. Low concentrations of oxyanions in our dataset and structural underestimation of their reactive concentrationswarrant further investigation.
机译:最近,ISO(ISO-17586:2016)采用了稀硝酸萃取(0.43 M)作为萃取土壤和类似土壤物质中地球化学反应元素的标准。在这里,我们通过机械地球化学建模评估了对多种元素提取的性能。模型预测表明,萃取可定量回收反应浓度(> 90%)。然而,在元素与反应性表面的比率低的情况下,萃取会低估反应性的Cu,Cr,As和Mo,即元素对有机物或氧化物的亲和力特别高。通过比较模型预测的和测量的CaCl2土壤提取物中的溶解浓度,使用不同的提取物作为替代模型输入,对0.43 M HNO3以及更多的稀酸和浓酸提取物进行了评估。基于0.43 M HNO3的预测值的平均误差通常在三分之内,而Mo被低估了,而pH> 6的土壤中的Co,Ni和Zn被高估了,为此讨论了可能的原因。使用0.43进行模型预测M HNO 3优于使用0.1 M HNO 3或Aqua Regia的那些,它们低估并高估了反应性元素内容。我们数据中的氧阴离子浓度低其反应浓度的设定和结构上的低估需要进一步调查。

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