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From lows to highs: using low-resolution models to phase X-ray data

机译:从低点到高点:使用低分辨率模型对X射线数据进行定相

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摘要

The study of virus structures has contributed to methodo­logical advances in structural biology that are generally applicable (molecular replacement and noncrystallographic symmetry are just two of the best known examples). Moreover, structural virology has been instrumental in forging the more general concept of exploiting phase information derived from multiple structural techniques. This hybridization of structural methods, primarily electron microscopy (EM) and X-ray crystallography, but also small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, is central to integrative structural biology. Here, the interplay of X-ray crystallography and EM is illustrated through the example of the structural determination of the marine lipid-containing bacteriophage PM2. Molecular replacement starting from an ∼13 Å cryo-EM reconstruction, followed by cycling density averaging, phase extension and solvent flattening, gave the X-ray structure of the intact virus at 7 Å resolution This in turn served as a bridge to phase, to 2.5 Å resolution, data from twinned crystals of the major coat protein (P2), ultimately yielding a quasi-atomic model of the particle, which provided significant insights into virus evolution and viral membrane biogenesis.
机译:病毒结构的研究促进了结构生物学方法学的进步,这些进展普遍适用(分子置换和非晶体对称性只是最著名的两个例子)。而且,结构病毒学已经有助于建立更普遍的概念,即利用从多种结构技术中获得的相信息。这种结构方法的混合,主要是电子显微镜(EM)和X射线晶体学,还有小角X射线散射(SAXS)和核磁共振(NMR)光谱,对整合结构生物学至关重要。在此,通过对含有海洋脂质的噬菌体PM2进行结构测定的例子来说明X射线结晶学和EM的相互作用。从〜13Å冷冻EM重建开始进行分子置换,然后进行循环平均密度,相扩展和溶剂平整,得到完整病毒的X射线结构,分辨率为7Å。 2.5Å分辨率,来自主要外壳蛋白(P2)的孪生晶体的数据,最终产生了颗粒的准原子模型,为病毒进化和病毒膜生物发生提供了重要见识。

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