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The Hard Sciences and the Soft: Some Sociological Observations

机译:硬科学与软科学:一些社会学观察

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摘要

The paper focuses on the implications of the terms “hard” and “soft” as they are used to characterize different branches of science; this is one approach to understanding some of the relations between knowledge and social organization. Given the importance to scientists of having their work evaluated accurately, it can be seen that the more rigorously a body of knowledge is organized, the more readily professional recognition can be appropriately assigned. The degree of rigor seems directly related to the extent to which mathematics is used in a science, and it is this that makes a science “hard.” Data are presented in support of the hypothesis that “harder” sciences are characterized by more impersonality in their members' relationships where impersonality is indexed by the frequency that only first initials are used in footnotes. Finally, some parallels between the economic and the scientific sectors of society are suggested, viewing money and professional recognition as “generalized media” and noting certain analogies in science to inflation and deflation in the economic system. Implications for the obsolescence of parts of the literature of science are discussed, and the relevance of this analysis to Kuhn's work on scientific revolutions is briefly noted.
机译:本文着眼于“硬”和“软”这两个术语的含义,因为它们被用来表征科学的不同分支。这是了解知识与社会组织之间某些关系的一种方法。考虑到对科学家进行正确评估的重要性,可以看出,对知识体系的组织越严格,就越容易进行专业认可。严格程度似乎与一门科学中使用数学的程度直接相关,而这正是使一门科学“艰难”的原因。提出的数据支持以下假设:“更严格的”科学在其成员关系中具有更多的非人性特征,其中非人性通过在脚注中仅使用首字母缩写的频率来索引。最后,建议在经济和社会科学领域之间进行一些相似之处,将金钱和专业认可视为“通用媒体”,并指出科学上与经济体系中的通货紧缩有关的某些类比。讨论了部分科学文献过时的含义,并简要指出了这种分析与库恩关于科学革命的工作的相关性。

著录项

  • 期刊名称 The Aesculapian
  • 作者

    Norman W. Storer;

  • 作者单位
  • 年(卷),期 1967(55),1
  • 年度 1967
  • 页码 75–84
  • 总页数 10
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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