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Age-related learning and memory deficits in rats: role of altered brain neurotransmitters acetylcholinesterase activity and changes in antioxidant defense system

机译：大鼠与年龄有关的学习和记忆缺陷：脑神经递质改变乙酰胆碱酯酶活性和抗氧化防御系统变化的作用

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Oxidative stress from generation of increased reactive oxygen species or free radicals of oxygen has been reported to play an important role in the aging. To investigate the relationship between the oxidative stress and memory decline during aging, we have determined the level of lipid peroxidation, activities of antioxidant enzymes, and activity of acetylcholine esterase (AChE) in brain and plasma as well as biogenic amine levels in brain from Albino–Wistar rats at age of 4 and 24 months. The results showed that the level of lipid peroxidation in the brain and plasma was significantly higher in older than that in the young rats. The activities of antioxidant enzymes displayed an age-dependent decline in both brain and plasma. Glutathione peroxidase and catalase activities were found to be significantly decreased in brain and plasma of aged rats. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) was also significantly decreased in plasma of aged rats; however, a decreased tendency (non-significant) of SOD in brain was also observed. AChE activity in brain and plasma was significantly decreased in aged rats. Learning and memory of rats in the present study was assessed by Morris Water Maze (MWM) and Elevated plus Maze (EPM) test. Short-term memory and long-term memory was impaired significantly in older rats, which was evident by a significant increase in the latency time in MWM and increase in transfer latency in EPM. Moreover, a marked decrease in biogenic amines (NA, DA, and 5-HT) was also found in the brain of aged rats. In conclusion, our data suggest that increased oxidative stress, decline of antioxidant enzyme activities, altered AChE activity, and decreased biogenic amines level in the brain of aged rats may potentially be involved in diminished memory function.
机译：据报道，由增加的活性氧或氧自由基产生的氧化应激在老化中起重要作用。为了研究衰老过程中氧化应激与记忆力下降之间的关系，我们确定了白化病患者脑和血浆中脂质过氧化的水平，抗氧化酶的活性以及乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）的活性以及脑中生物胺水平– 4和24个月大的Wistar大鼠。结果表明，老年大鼠的大脑和血浆脂质过氧化水平明显高于幼鼠。抗氧化酶的活性在大脑和血浆中均显示出年龄依赖性的下降。发现衰老大鼠的脑和血浆中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶活性显着降低。老年大鼠血浆中的超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）也明显降低。然而，还观察到大脑中SOD的下降趋势（无统计学意义）。在老年大鼠中，脑和血浆中的AChE活性显着降低。通过莫里斯水迷宫（MWM）和高架迷宫（EPM）测试评估大鼠的学习和记忆能力。老年大鼠的短期记忆和长期记忆明显受损，这在MWM潜伏时间显着增加和EPM转移潜伏期增加中很明显。此外，在老年大鼠的大脑中还发现了生物胺（NA，DA和5-HT）的显着减少。总之，我们的数据表明，老年大鼠大脑中氧化应激的增加，抗氧化酶活性的下降，AChE活性的改变和生物胺水平的降低可能与记忆功能降低有关。

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