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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>American Journal of Public Health (New York N.Y. : 1912) >Economic development and occupational health in Latin America: new directions for public health in less developed countries.
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Economic development and occupational health in Latin America: new directions for public health in less developed countries.

机译：拉丁美洲的经济发展和职业卫生：欠发达国家公共卫生的新方向。

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摘要

Occupational Health is increasingly recognized as an area of importance in Latin American public health. In the agricultural sector of the region, the concentration of arable land into large holdings devoted to the production of export crops has resulted in the formation of a large migrant work force and greatly increased use of pesticides. The manufacturing sector of Latin America has grown rapidly in size and importance. Throughout the continent, increasing numbers of workers are employed in high-hazard industrial jobs. Limited studies of occupational disease in agriculture, mining, and manufacturing suggest that there is a high prevalence of work-related illness in the populations at risk. Trade unions are generally weak, and the high rate of unemployment and underemployment render occupational health a low priority for many workers. Engineering controls and personal protective equipment are unknown or inadequate in many industries, and there is a shortage of trained occupational health professionals in the region. Steps are being taken by many Latin American governments to begin to address this problem. Needed are: increased worker and professional training; a uniform set of exposure standards; control of multinational marketing and usage of hazardous substances; the development of technical equipment appropriate for local use and increased research on occupational exposure in populations in less developed countries.
机译：职业健康日益被认为是拉丁美洲公共卫生中的重要领域。在该地区的农业部门，可耕地集中到用于生产出口农作物的大片土地上，导致形成了庞大的移民劳动力，并大大增加了农药的使用。拉丁美洲的制造业规模和重要性迅速增长。在整个非洲大陆，越来越多的工人从事高危险性工业工作。对农业，采矿和制造业中职业病的有限研究表明，在高风险人群中与工作有关的疾病普遍存在。工会通常薄弱，高失业率和就业不足使职业健康成为许多工人的低优先事项。工程控制和个人防护设备在许多行业中是未知的或不足的，并且该地区缺少训练有素的职业卫生专业人员。许多拉丁美洲国家的政府正在采取措施来解决这个问题。需要的是：增加工人和专业培训；一套统一的暴露标准；控制跨国销售和使用有害物质；开发适合当地使用的技术设备，并增加对欠发达国家人口职业暴露的研究。

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