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Trends in Walking and Cycling Safety: Recent Evidence From High-Income Countries With a Focus on the United States and Germany

机译:步行和骑自行车安全的趋势:高收入国家的最新证据重点是美国和德国

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摘要

Objectives. To examine changes in pedestrian and cyclist fatalities per capita (1990–2014) and per kilometer (2000–2010) in selected high-income countries, and in fatalities and serious injuries per kilometer by age in the United States and Germany (2001–2009).Methods. We used Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development data to estimate 5-year annual averages of per-capita fatalities relative to the 1990–1994 average. To control for exposure, we divided fatalities and serious injuries by kilometers of walking or cycling per year for countries with comparable data from national household travel surveys.Results. Most countries have reduced pedestrian and cyclist fatality rates per capita and per kilometer. The serious injuries data show smaller declines or even increases in rates per kilometer. There are large differences by age group in fatality and serious injury rates per kilometer, with seniors having the highest rates. The United States has much higher fatality and serious injury rates per kilometer than the other countries examined, and has made the least progress in reducing per-capita fatality rates.Conclusions. The United States must greatly improve walking and cycling conditions. All countries should focus safety programs on seniors and children.
机译:目标。在选定的高收入国家中调查人均(1990-2014年)和每公里(2000-2010年)的行人和骑自行车者死亡人数的变化,以及美国和德国(2001-2009年)的每公里年龄的死亡人数和严重伤害的变化)。方法。我们使用了经济合作与发展组织的数据来估计相对于1990-1994年平均值的人均死亡人数的5年年度平均值。为了控制暴露,我们将死亡和严重伤害除以每年步行或骑车公里数来划分的国家/地区,并与全国家庭旅行调查的数据相比较。大多数国家降低了人均和每公里行人和骑自行车的人的死亡率。严重伤害数据显示,每公里收费率的下降幅度较小甚至有所增加。每年龄段的死亡率和每公里严重伤害率之间存在很大差异,其中老年人的死亡率最高。美国的每公里死亡率和严重伤害率比其他接受调查的国家高得多,并且在降低人均死亡率方面进展最少。美国必须大大改善步行和骑自行车的条件。所有国家都应将安全计划的重点放在老年人和儿童上。

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