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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>British Journal of Industrial Medicine >Contamination of houses by workers occupationally exposed in a lead-zinc-copper mine and impact on blood lead concentrations in the families.
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Contamination of houses by workers occupationally exposed in a lead-zinc-copper mine and impact on blood lead concentrations in the families.

机译：在铅锌铜矿山中职业暴露的工人对房屋的污染以及对家庭中血铅浓度的影响。

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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the pathway of leaded dust from a lead-zinc-copper mine to houses of employees, and the impact on blood lead concentrations (PbB) of children. METHODS: High precision lead isotope and lead concentration data were obtained on venous blood and environmental samples (vacuum cleaner dust, interior dustfall accumulation, water, paint) for eight children of six employees (and the employees) from a lead-zinc-copper mine. These data were compared with results for 11 children from occupationally unexposed control families living in the same city. RESULTS: The median (range) concentrations of lead in vacuum cleaner dust was 470 (21-1300) ppm. In the houses of the mine employees, vacuum cleaner dust contained varying higher proportions of mine lead than did airborne particulate matter measured as dustfall accumulated over a three month period. The median (range) concentrations of lead in soil were 30 (5-407) ppm and these showed no evidence of any mine lead. Lead in blood of the mine employees varied from 7 to 25 micrograms/dl and was generally dominated by mine lead (> 60%). The mean (SD) PbB in the children of the mine employees was 5.7 (1.7) micrograms/dl compared with 4.1 (1.4) micrograms/dl for the control children (P = 0.02). The PbB of all children was always < 10 micrograms/dl, the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council goal for all Australians. Some of the control children had higher PbB than the children of mine employees, probably from exposure to leaded paint as six of the eight houses of the control children were > 50 years old. In five of the eight children of mine employees > 20% of PbB was from the lead mine. However, in the other three cases of children of mine employees, their PbB was from sources other than mine lead (paint, petrol, background sources). CONCLUSIONS: Houses of employees from a lead mine can be contaminated by mine lead even if they are not situated in the same place as the mine. Delineation of the mine to house pathway indicates that lead is probably transported into the houses on the clothes, shoes, hair, skin, and in some cases, motor vehicles of the workers. In one case, dust shaken from clothes of a mine employee contained 3000 ppm lead which was 100% mine lead. The variable contamination of the houses was not expected given the precautions taken by mine employees to minimise transportation of lead into their houses. Although five out of the eight children of mine employees had > 20% mine lead in their blood, in no case did the PbB of a child exceed the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council goal of 10 micrograms/dl. In fact, some children in the control families had higher PbB than children of mine employees. In two cases, this was attributed to a pica habit for paint. The PbB in the children of mine employees and controls was independent of the source of lead. The low PbB in the children of mine employees may reflect the relatively low solubility (bioavailability) of the mine dust in 0.1 M hydrochloric acid (< 40 %), behaviour--for example, limited mouthing activity--or diet.
机译：目的：评估铅锌铜矿中铅尘到员工房屋的路径，以及对儿童血铅浓度（PbB）的影响。方法：从铅锌铜矿山的六名员工（和员工）的八个孩子的静脉血和环境样本（真空吸尘器灰尘，内部灰尘堆积，水，油漆）中获取了高精度的铅同位素和铅浓度数据。将这些数据与居住在同一城市的11个职业中未接触控制家庭的儿童的结果进行了比较。结果：真空吸尘器粉尘中铅的中位（范围）浓度为470（21-1300）ppm。在煤矿员工的房屋中，真空吸尘器粉尘所含的铅含量比三个月期间累积的尘埃含量所测量的空气悬浮颗粒物含量高。土壤中铅的中位（范围）浓度为30（5-407）ppm，这些都没有任何矿藏铅的迹象。矿山员工的血液中铅含量从7到25微克/分升不等，通常以矿山铅（> 60％）为主。矿山雇员子女的平均铅（SD）为5.7（1.7）毫克/分升，而对照子女为4.1（1.4）毫克/分升（P = 0.02）。所有儿童的PbB始终<10微克/分升，这是澳大利亚国家卫生和医学研究委员会针对所有澳大利亚人制定的目标。某些对照孩子的铅含量高于矿山雇员的孩子，这可能是因为暴露于含铅涂料中，因为对照孩子的8所房子中有6栋年龄超过50岁。在矿山雇员的八个孩子中，有五个孩子中> 20％的PbB来自铅矿。但是，在其他三名矿工雇员的孩子中，他们的PbB来自矿山铅以外的其他来源（油漆，汽油，背景来源）。结论：铅矿的雇员的房屋即使与铅矿不在同一个地方，也可能受到铅矿的污染。从地雷到房屋的路径的划定表明铅可能是通过工人的衣服，鞋子，头发，皮肤以及某些情况下的机动车运输到房屋中的。在一种情况下，矿山员工的衣服上晃动的灰尘中含有3000 ppm的铅，这是100％矿山铅。考虑到矿山员工采取了预防措施，以尽量减少铅向其房屋内的运输，房屋的污染不会发生变化。尽管八名矿工的孩子中有五名血液中的铅含量超过20％，但孩子的PbB决不超过澳大利亚国家卫生与医学研究委员会的10微克/分升的目标。实际上，控制家庭中的一些孩子的PbB高于矿山雇员的孩子。在两种情况下，这归因于绘画的异食癖习惯。矿山雇员和控制人员的孩子中的铅与铅的来源无关。矿山雇员的孩子中的PbB较低可能反映了矿山粉尘在0.1 M盐酸（<40％）中的溶解度（生物利用度）相对较低，行为-例如，有限的口腔活性-或饮食。

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