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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>British Journal of Pharmacology >(Why) Do You Like Scary Movies? A Review of the Empirical Research on Psychological Responses to Horror Films
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(Why) Do You Like Scary Movies? A Review of the Empirical Research on Psychological Responses to Horror Films

机译：（为什么）你喜欢恐怖电影吗？恐怖电影心理反应的实证研究述评

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Why do we watch and like horror films? Despite a century of horror film making and entertainment, little research has examined the human motivation to watch fictional horror and how horror film influences individuals’ behavioral, cognitive, and emotional responses. This review provides the first synthesis of the empirical literature on the psychology of horror film using multi-disciplinary research from psychology, psychotherapy, communication studies, development studies, clinical psychology, and media studies. The paper considers the motivations for people’s decision to watch horror, why people enjoy horror, how individual differences influence responses to, and preference for, horror film, how exposure to horror film changes behavior, how horror film is designed to achieve its effects, why we fear and why we fear specific classes of stimuli, and how liking for horror develops during childhood and adolescence. The literature suggests that (1) low empathy and fearfulness are associated with more enjoyment and desire to watch horror film but that specific dimensions of empathy are better predictors of people’s responses than are others; (2) there is a positive relationship between sensation-seeking and horror enjoyment/preference, but this relationship is not consistent; (3) men and boys prefer to watch, enjoy, and seek our horror more than do women and girls; (4) women are more prone to disgust sensitivity or anxiety than are men, and this may mediate the sex difference in the enjoyment of horror; (5) younger children are afraid of symbolic stimuli, whereas older children become afraid of concrete or realistic stimuli; and (6) in terms of coping with horror, physical coping strategies are more successful in younger children; priming with information about the feared object reduces fear and increases children’s enjoyment of frightening television and film. A number of limitations in the literature is identified, including the multifarious range of horror stimuli used in studies, disparities in methods, small sample sizes, and a lack of research on cross-cultural differences and similarities. Ideas for future research are explored.
机译：为什么我们观看和喜欢恐怖电影？尽管制作和娱乐恐怖片已有一个世纪之久，但很少有研究检查人类观看虚构恐怖的动机以及恐怖片如何影响个人的行为，认知和情感反应。这篇综述使用来自心理学，心理疗法，传播研究，发展研究，临床心理学和媒体研究的多学科研究，对恐怖片心理学的经验文献进行了首次综合。本文考虑了人们选择观看恐怖片的动机，人们为什么喜欢恐怖片，个体差异如何影响对恐怖片的反应和偏好，对恐怖片的接触如何改变行为，如何设计恐怖片来实现其效果，为什么我们害怕以及为什么我们害怕特定类别的刺激，以及在儿童和青少年时期对恐怖的喜好如何发展。文献表明：（1）同情心和恐惧感低下会带来更多的乐趣和观看恐怖电影的渴望，但是同情心的特定维度比其他方面更能预测人们的反应； （2）寻求感觉与恐怖享受/喜好之间存在正相关关系，但这种关系并不一致。 （3）男人和男孩比女人和女孩更喜欢观看，欣赏和寻求恐怖； （4）与男性相比，女性更容易产生厌恶感或焦虑感，这可能会调解性别在享受恐怖方面的差异； （5）年幼​​的孩子害怕象征性的刺激，而年长的孩子则害怕具体或现实的刺激； （6）在应对恐怖方面，身体上的应对策略在年幼的儿童中更为成功；使用有关受害物体的信息进行涂底漆可以减少恐惧，并增加儿童对令人恐惧的电视和电影的娱乐。文献中有许多局限性，包括研究中使用的恐怖刺激的范围广泛，方法上的差异，样本量小以及缺乏对跨文化差异和相似性的研究。探索了未来研究的想法。

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