首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>British Journal of Preventive Social Medicine >Cocaine use among heroin users in Spain: the diffusion of crack and cocaine smoking. Spanish Group for the Study on the Route of Administration of Drugs
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Cocaine use among heroin users in Spain: the diffusion of crack and cocaine smoking. Spanish Group for the Study on the Route of Administration of Drugs

机译:西班牙海洛因使用者中可卡因的使用:裂纹和可卡因吸烟的扩散。西班牙药物管理途径研究小组

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摘要

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalence and patterns of use of crack and cocaine hydrochloride among heroin users in Spain. To explore if the expansion of heroin smoking is accompanied by a similar phenomenon for cocaine. DESIGN: Cross sectional study in 1995. Face to face interviews using a structured questionnaire. SETTING: Three cities with different prevalences of heroin use by smoking: high (Seville), intermediate (Madrid), and low (Barcelona). PARTICIPANTS: 909 heroin users, 452 in treatment and 457 out of treatment. MAIN RESULTS: Last month prevalence of crack use was 62.3% in Seville, 19.4% in Madrid, and 7.7% in Barcelona. Most users in Madrid (86.5%) and Barcelona (100%) generally prepared their own crack, usually with ammonia as alkali; in Seville most users (69.7%) bought preprocessed crack. The proportion of users who began taking cocaine (crack or cocaine hydrochloride) by smoking has increased progressively since the seventies, rising to 74.1% in Seville, 61.5% in Madrid, and 28% in Barcelona in 1992-1995, with the earliest increase in Seville. The factors associated with crack use were: residence in Seville (odds ratio (OR) = 16.3), cocaine hydrochloride use mainly by smoking (OR = 5.0), by sniffing (OR = 2.7) or by injecting (OR = 2.5), heroin use mainly by smoking (OR = 2.8) and weekly use of cannabis (OR = 1.9). CONCLUSIONS: In Spain smoking cocaine may be progressively diffusing from the south west to the north east, similar to what has happened with smoking heroin, but beginning later in time. The factors associated with smoking cocaine are basically ecological or cultural in nature (characteristics of the available drugs and the main route of heroin administration in each city).  
机译:目的:描述西班牙海洛因使用者中使用裂纹和可卡因盐酸盐的流行程度和模式。探讨海洛因吸烟量的增加是否伴随着可卡因的类似现象。设计:1995年的横断面研究。使用结构化问卷进行面对面访谈。地点:三个城市的吸烟海洛因流行率不同:高(塞维利亚),中(马德里)和低(巴塞罗那)。参加者:909名海洛因使用者,452名接受治疗和457名退出治疗。主要结果:上个月塞维利亚的裂缝使用率为62.3%,马德里为19.4%,巴塞罗那为7.7%。马德里(86.5%)和巴塞罗那(100%)的大多数用户通常使用氨水作为碱来准备自己的裂缝。在塞维利亚,大多数用户(69.7%)购买了预处理的裂纹。从70年代开始,开始吸烟的使用者比例逐渐增加,在1992-1995年间,塞维利亚分别上升到74.1%,马德里61.5%和巴塞罗那28%,其中最早的是塞维利亚。与使用裂纹有关的因素有:在塞维利亚居住(比值比(OR)= 16.3),主要通过吸烟(OR = 5.0),嗅探(OR = 2.7)或注射(OR = 2.5),使用海洛因使用盐酸可卡因主要通过吸烟(OR = 2.8)和每周使用大麻(OR = 1.9)来使用。结论:在西班牙,吸烟可卡因可能会从西南向东北逐渐扩散,这与吸烟海洛因相似,但时间较晚。吸食可卡因的相关因素本质上基本上是生态或文化因素(可用药物的特性以及每个城市中海洛因管理的主要途径)。

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