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The four basic types of evaluation: clinical reviews clinical trials program reviews and program trials.

机译:评估的四种基本类型:临床审查临床试验程序审查和程序试验。

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摘要

Four basic types of evaluation, each appropriate in a distinctive situation, are the clinical review and the clinical trial, which are concerned with the care of the individual patient, and the program review and program trial, which deal with programs or services directed at groups or populations. Evaluative reviews are primarily motivated by concern with the welfare of the specific population served, and they appraise specific activities in specific settings as a basis for decisions concerning these activities. Clinical and program trials aim to generate knowledge of more general applicability, especially concerning causal relationships between care and outcomes. The types of evaluation differ in the questions they pose and in the methods used to answer them. Failure to draw a distinction between program reviews and program trials is a frequent cause of wasteful or unhelpful evaluative studies.
机译:四种基本评估类型(每种评估适用于不同的情况)分别是与个体患者的护理有关的临床复查和临床试验,以及针对团体的方案或服务的方案复查和方案试验。或人口。评价性审查主要是出于对所服务的特定人群的福利的关注,他们对特定环境中的特定活动进行评估,以此作为做出有关这些活动的决定的基础。临床和计划试验旨在产生更广泛适用性的知识,尤其是有关护理与结果之间的因果关系的知识。评估的类型在所提出的问题和回答问题的方法上有所不同。未能在程序审查和程序试验之间做出区分是造成浪费或无益的评估研究的常见原因。

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