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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Comparative and Functional Genomics >Evolutionary Conservation and Diversification of the Translation Initiation Apparatus in Trypanosomatids
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Evolutionary Conservation and Diversification of the Translation Initiation Apparatus in Trypanosomatids

机译：锥虫的翻译起始装置的进化保护和多样性。

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Trypanosomatids are ancient eukaryotic parasites that migrate between insect vectors and mammalian hosts, causing a range of diseases in humans and domestic animals. Trypanosomatids feature a multitude of unusual molecular features, including polycistronic transcription and subsequent processing by trans-splicing and polyadenylation. Regulation of protein coding genes is posttranscriptional and thus, translation regulation is fundamental for activating the developmental program of gene expression. The spliced-leader RNA is attached to all mRNAs. It contains an unusual hypermethylated cap-4 structure in its 5′ end. The cap-binding complex, eIF4F, has gone through evolutionary changes in accordance with the requirement to bind cap-4. The eIF4F components in trypanosomatids are highly diverged from their orthologs in higher eukaryotes, and their potential functions are discussed. The cap-binding activity in all eukaryotes is a target for regulation and plays a similar role in trypanosomatids. Recent studies revealed a novel eIF4E-interacting protein, involved in directing stage-specific and stress-induced translation pathways. Translation regulation during stress also follows unusual regulatory cues, as the increased translation of Hsp83 following heat stress is driven by a defined element in the 3′ UTR, unlike higher eukaryotes. Overall, the environmental switches experienced by trypanosomatids during their life cycle seem to affect their translational machinery in unique ways.
机译：锥虫是一种古老的真核寄生虫，可在昆虫媒介和哺乳动物宿主之间迁移，从而在人类和家畜中引起一系列疾病。锥虫具有许多不同寻常的分子特征，包括多顺反子转录以及随后的反式剪接和聚腺苷酸化加工。蛋白质编码基因的调控是转录后的，因此，翻译调控对于激活基因表达的发育程序至关重要。剪接的前导RNA附着于所有mRNA。它的5'端含有一个不寻常的高甲基化cap-4结构。根据结合cap-4的要求，结合帽的复合物eIF4F经历了进化变化。锥虫的eIF4F成分与高等真核生物的直系同源物高度不同，并对其潜在功能进行了讨论。所有真核生物中的帽结合活性是调节的靶标，并且在锥虫中起着类似的作用。最近的研究揭示了一种新型的eIF4E相互作用蛋白，参与指导阶段特异性和应激诱导的翻译途径。应激期间的翻译调控也遵循不同寻常的调控线索，因为热应激后Hsp83的翻译增加是由3'UTR中定义的元素驱动的，这与高级真核生物不同。总体而言，锥虫的生命周期经历的环境转换似乎以独特的方式影响着它们的翻译机制。

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