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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health >Mixture Toxicity of Bensulfuron-Methyl and Acetochlor to Red Swamp Crayfish (Procambarus clarkii): Behavioral Morphological and Histological Effects
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Mixture Toxicity of Bensulfuron-Methyl and Acetochlor to Red Swamp Crayfish (Procambarus clarkii): Behavioral Morphological and Histological Effects

机译：苄嘧磺隆和乙草胺对红色沼泽小龙虾（Procambarus clarkii）的混合毒性：行为形态和组织学影响

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The mixture of bensulfuron-methyl and acetochlor (MBA) has been widely applied as a rice herbicide in China, but the mixture toxicity of MBA to aquatic organisms is largely unknown. The current study aims to investigate the acute effects of MBA to juvenile red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii. Firstly, a 96 h semi-static exposure was conducted to determine the Lethal Concentration 50 (LC50) values at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h, as well as to assess the behavioral and morphological effects. A second 96 h exposure was conducted at an MBA concentration of 50% of the 96 h LC50 (72.62 mg/L) to assess the histological changes in the gill, perigastric organ, muscle, heart, stomach, and midgut. The results showed that MBA exhibited low acute toxicity with the 24, 48, 72 and 96 h LC50 values of 191.25 (179.37–215.75), 166.81 (159.49–176.55), 154.30 (148.36–160.59) and 145.24 (138.94–151.27) mg/L, respectively. MBA-exposed crayfish showed body jerk, belly arch, equilibrium loss, body and appendage sway, and lethargy; and the dead crayfish showed dark gray or grayish-white body color and separated cephalothorax and abdomen. At 72.62 mg/L, MBA exposure caused significant histopathological alterations, mainly including the cuticular and epithelial degeneration of all the gills; atrophy of tubule lumina and cellular vacuolation of the perigastric organs (61.15 ± 9.90% of the tubules showed lesions); epithelial hyperplasia (48.40 ± 9.00%), myocardial fibers and epithelial cell lysis (17.30 ± 2.01%), and hemocytic infiltration of the hearts; cuticular swelling (15.82 ± 2.98%) and vacuolate connective tissue (11.30 ± 2.47%) of the stomachs; atrophied bladder cell and fragmented longitudinal muscles (95.23 ± 4.77%) of the midguts; and slight myofibers fragmentation and lysis (7.37 ± 0.53%) of the abdominal muscles. Our results indicate that MBA can cause behavioral, morphological and histopathological effects on juvenile P. clarkii at relatively high concentrations, but its acute toxicity is low compared with many other common herbicides.
机译：甲基苯磺隆和乙草胺（MBA）的混合物已在中国广泛用作水稻除草剂，但MBA混合物对水生生物的毒性尚不清楚。当前的研究旨在调查MBA对少年红沼泽小龙虾Procambarus clarkii的急性作用。首先，进行96小时半静态暴露，以确定24、48、72和96小时的致死浓度50（LC50）值，并评估行为和形态学影响。在MBA浓度为96小时LC50（72.62 mg / L）的50％的情况下进行第二次96小时暴露，以评估assess，胃周器官，肌肉，心脏，胃和中肠的组织学变化。结果显示MBA表现出低急性毒性，在24、48、72和96 h LC50值分别为191.25（179.37-215.75），166.81（159.49-176.55），154.30（148.36-160.59）和145.24（138.94-151.27）mg / L。暴露于MBA的小龙虾表现出抽搐，腹弓，平衡失调，身体和附肢摇摆以及嗜睡。死小龙虾的体色为深灰色或灰白色，头胸部和腹部分开。 MBA暴露量为72.62 mg / L时，引起了明显的组织病理学改变，主要包括所有all的表皮和上皮变性。小管腔的萎缩和胃周器官的细胞空泡化（61.15±9.90％的小管显示病变）；上皮增生（48.40±9.00％），心肌纤维和上皮细胞溶解（17.30±2.01％）和心脏的血细胞浸润;表皮肿胀（15.82±2.98％）和空腹结缔组织（11.30±2.47％）;膀胱萎缩和中肠纵肌碎裂（95.23±4.77％）；腹肌轻度肌纤维断裂和溶解（7.37±0.53％）。我们的结果表明，MBA可以在较高浓度下对幼小克氏原螯虾造成行为，形态和组织病理学影响，但与许多其他常见的除草剂相比，其急性毒性低。

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