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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health >Small Water Enterprise in Rural Rwanda: Business Development and Year-One Performance Evaluation of Nine Water Kiosks at Health Care Facilities
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Small Water Enterprise in Rural Rwanda: Business Development and Year-One Performance Evaluation of Nine Water Kiosks at Health Care Facilities

机译：卢旺达农村地区的小型供水企业：医疗机构九个水站的业务发展和一年绩效评估

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Small water enterprises (SWEs) have lower capital expenditures than centralized systems, offering decentralized solutions for rural markets. This study evaluated SWEs in rural Rwanda, where nine health care facilities (HCF) owned and operated water kiosks supplying water from onsite water treatment systems (WTS). SWEs were monitored for 12 months. Spearman’s Rank Correlation Coefficient (rs) was used to evaluate correlations between demand for kiosk water and community characteristics, and between kiosk profit and factors influencing the cost model. On average, SWEs distributed 15,300 L/month. One SWE ran at a loss, four had profit margins of ≤10% and four had profit margins of 45–75%. Factors influencing SWE performance were intermittent water supply (87% of SWE closures were due to water shortage), consumer demand (demand was high where populations already used improved water sources (rs = 0.81, p = 0.02)), price sensitivity (demand was lower where SWEs had high prices (rs = −0.65, p = 0.08)), and production cost (water utility tariffs negatively impacted SWE profits (rs = −0.52, p < 0.01)). Sustainability was more favorable in circumstances where recovery of capital expenditures was not expected, and the demand for treated water was sufficient to fund operational expenditures. Future research is needed to assess the extent to which kiosk revenue can support ongoing operational costs of WTS and kiosks both at HCF and in other contexts.
机译：小型自来水企业（SWE）的资本支出低于集中式系统，为农村市场提供分散式解决方案。这项研究评估了卢旺达农村地区的SWE，那里有9个医疗保健机构（HCF）拥有并运营着水亭，这些水亭通过现场水处理系统（WTS）供水。监测SWE为12个月。 Spearman的等级相关系数（rs）用于评估亭水需求与社区特征之间，亭利润与影响成本模型的因素之间的相关性。 SWE平均每月分配15,300L。一个SWE亏损，四个利润率≤10％，四个利润率45-75％。影响SWE绩效的因素包括间歇供水（87％的SWE关闭是由于缺水），消费者需求（需求很高的人群已经使用改良的水源（rs = 0.81，p = 0.02）），价格敏感性（需求为在SWE价格较高（rs = -0.65，p = 0.08）和生产成本（自来水公司关税对SWE利润产生负面影响（rs = -0.52，p <0.01））的情况下降低。在预计无法收回资本支出并且对处理后的水的需求足以支付运营支出的情况下，可持续性更为有利。需要进行进一步的研究，以评估自助亭收入在多大程度上可以支持WCF和自助亭在HCF和其他情况下的运营成本。

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