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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health >Evaluation of the Bioavailability and Translocation of Selected Heavy Metals by Brassica juncea and Spinacea oleracea L for a South African Power Utility Coal Fly Ash
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Evaluation of the Bioavailability and Translocation of Selected Heavy Metals by Brassica juncea and Spinacea oleracea L for a South African Power Utility Coal Fly Ash

机译：南非芥菜粉煤灰和菠菜油菜L对南非电力公司粉煤灰的生物利用度和重金属迁移的评估

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This study evaluated the physicochemical and mineralogical properties, mobile chemical species bioavailability and translocation in Brassica juncea and Spinacea oleracea L. plants of a South African coal-fired power utility. Coal-fly-ash (CFA) disposal is associated with various environmental and health risks, including air, soil, surface, and groundwater pollution due to the leaching of toxic heavy metals; these ends up in food webs affecting human health, while repeated inhalation causes bronchitis, silicosis, hair loss, and lung cancer. The morphology and chemical and mineralogical composition of CFA were determined using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and X-ray diffraction, respectively. In pot-culture experiments, S. oleracea L. and B. juncea plants were grown in three sets of pots containing CFA (Set 1), soil (Set 2), and a mixture of CFA plus soil at a ratio of 1:1 (50% CFA: 50% soil, Set 3), while no plants were grown in Set 4 as a control for the leachate samples. SEM showed that the surface morphology of CFA has a lower degree of sphericity with the irregular agglomerations of many particles. XRF results revealed that CFA contains 43.65%, 22.68%, and 10.89% of SiO2, Al2O3, and Fe2O3, respectively, which indicates that CFA is an aluminosilicate material. X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed that CFA contains mullite as a major phase, followed by quartz mineral phases. Chemical species such as B, Ba, Mo, and Cr were occurring at higher concentrations in the leachates for most weeks in the pot-culture experiments, especially for CFA and soil + CFA growth media. However, there was a common trend for all growth media of chemical-species concentrations declining with time, which might have been caused by plant uptake or wash-off with water during irrigation; even for the growth media as well, where no plants were grown. Chemical species, such as Fe, Mn, B, Ba, and Zn, accumulated highly in most parts of the plant species. However, B. juncea showed higher potential to accumulate chemical species as compared to S. oleracea L. Bioconcentration and translocation factors (BF and TF) showed that B. juncea was the most effective in terms of bioconcentration and translocation of most of the chemical species. This indicates that B. juncea has potential in application for the phytoremediation of CFA dumps, and could contribute to the remediation of CFA dumps and the reduction of potential health and environmental impact associated with CFA.
机译：这项研究评估了南非燃煤电厂的甘蓝型油菜和菠菜油菜植物的理化和矿物学特性，移动化学物种的生物利用度和易位性。粉煤灰（CFA）的处置与各种环境和健康风险有关，包括由于有毒重金属的浸出而对空气，土壤，地表和地下水的污染；这些最终会通过食物网影响人类健康，而反复吸入会导致支气管炎，矽肺，脱发和肺癌。分别使用扫描电子显微镜（SEM），X射线荧光（XRF）和X射线衍射确定CFA的形态，化学和矿物学组成。在盆栽实验中，将油菜和芥菜种植在三组盆中，这些盆中含有CFA（组1），土壤（组2）以及CFA和土壤的比例为1：1的混合物（50％CFA：50％土壤，组3），而在组4中没有植物生长作为渗滤液样品的对照。 SEM表明，CFA的表面形态具有较低的球形度，并且许多颗粒不规则地团聚。 XRF结果表明，CFA分别包含SiO 2，Al 2 O 3和Fe 2 O 3的43.65％，22.68％和10.89％，这表明CFA是硅铝酸盐材料。 X射线衍射（XRD）表明，CFA包含莫来石作为主要相，其次是石英矿物相。在盆栽实验中，浸出液中的化学物质（例如B，Ba，Mo和Cr）在大多数时间内都以较高的浓度存在，特别是CFA和土壤+ CFA生长培养基。但是，所有化学物质浓度的所有生长介质都有一个共同的趋势，即随着时间的推移而下降，这可能是由于植物吸收或灌溉过程中被水冲走引起的；即使对于没有植物生长的生长培养基也是如此。 Fe，Mn，B，Ba和Zn等化学物种在植物的大部分部位中积累得很高。但是，芥菜芽孢杆菌与油菜相比显示出更高的积累化学物种的潜力。生物浓缩和易位因子（BF和TF）表明，就大多数化学物种而言，芥菜芽孢杆菌在生物浓缩和易位方面最有效。这表明，芥菜型假单胞菌在CFA垃圾场的植物修复中具有应用潜力，并且可能有助于CFA垃圾场的补救并减少与CFA相关的潜在健康和环境影响。

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