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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health >Spatiotemporal Changes in PM2.5 and Their Relationships with Land-Use and People in Hangzhou
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Spatiotemporal Changes in PM2.5 and Their Relationships with Land-Use and People in Hangzhou

机译：杭州市PM2.5的时空变化及其与土地利用和人口的关系

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Increases in the extent and level of air pollution in Chinese cities have become a major concern of the public and burden on the government. While ample literature has focused on the status, changes and causes of air pollution (particularly on PM2.5 and PM10), significantly less is known on their effects on people. In this study we used Hangzhou, China, as our testbed to assess the direct impact of PM2.5 on youth populations that are more vulnerable to pollution. We used the ground monitoring data of air quality and Aerosol optical thickness (AOT) product from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) for the spatiotemporal changes of PM2.5 by season in 2015. We further explored these distributions with land cover, population density and schools (kindergarten, primary school and middle school) to explore the potential impacts in seeking potential mitigation solutions. We found that the seasonal variation of PM2.5 concentration was winter > spring > autumn > summer. In Hangzhou, the percentage of land area exposed to PM2.5 > 50 µg m−3 accounted for 59.86% in winter, 56.62% in spring, 40.44% in autumn and 0% in summer, whereas these figures for PM2.5 of <35 µg m−3 were 70.01%, 5.28%, 5.17%, 4.16% in summer, winter, autumn and spring, respectively. As for land cover, forest experienced PM2.5 of 35–50 µg m−3 (i.e., lower than those of other cover types), likely due to the potential filtering and absorption function of the forests. More importantly, a quantitative index based on population-weighted exposure level (pwel) indicated that only 9.06% of the population lived in areas that met the national air quality standards. Only 1.66% (14,055) of infants and juveniles lived in areas with PM2.5 of <35 µg m−3. Considering the legacy effects of PM2.5 over the long-term, we highly recommend improving the monitoring systems for both air quality and people (i.e., their health conditions), with special attention paid to infants and juveniles.
机译：中国城市空气污染程度和水平的增加已成为公众的主要关注点，并成为政府的负担。尽管有大量文献集中于空气污染的状况，变化和原因（尤其是关于PM2.5和PM10），但人们对空气污染的影响知之甚少。在本研究中，我们使用中国杭州作为测试平台来评估PM2.5对更易受到污染的青年人群的直接影响。我们使用中分辨率成像光谱仪（MODIS）的空气质量和气溶胶光学厚度（AOT）产品的地面监测数据，对2015年每个季节PM2.5的时空变化进行了研究。我们进一步研究了这些分布的土地覆盖率，人口密度和学校（幼儿园，小学和初中），以探索寻求潜在缓解措施的潜在影响。我们发现PM2.5浓度的季节变化是冬季>春季>秋季>夏季。在杭州，暴露于PM2.5> 50 µg m −3 的土地面积百分比在冬季为59.86％，春季为56.62％，秋季为40.44％，夏季为0％，而这些比例<35 µg m -3 的PM2.5值在夏季，冬季，秋季和春季分别为70.01％，5.28％，5.17％，4.16％。至于土地覆盖，森林可能经历的PM2.5为35–50 µg m -3 （即低于其他覆盖类型的PM2.5），这可能是由于森林具有潜在的过滤和吸收功能。更重要的是，基于人口加权暴露水平（pwel）的定量指标表明，只有9.06％的人口生活在符合国家空气质量标准的地区。只有1.66％（14,055）的婴儿和青少年生活在PM2.5 <35 µg m -3 的地区。考虑到PM2.5的长期影响，我们强烈建议改善空气质量和人员（即他们的健康状况）的监测系统，并特别注意婴幼儿。

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