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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health >Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution and Potential Ecological Risk in Sewage Sludge from Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant Located in the Most Industrialized Region in Poland—Case Study
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Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution and Potential Ecological Risk in Sewage Sludge from Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant Located in the Most Industrialized Region in Poland—Case Study

机译：波兰工业化程度最高的城市污水处理厂污水污泥中重金属污染和潜在生态风险的评估-案例研究

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This study aimed to assess the pollution and potential ecological risk of seven heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in the sewage sludge collected from a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), located in the most industrialized region of Poland (Silesian Voivodeship). The concentrations of heavy metals were determined using inductively coupled plasma optical spectrometry (ICP-OES) and cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry (CVAAS). The chemical forms (chemical speciation) of heavy metals were determined using the three-step chemical sequential extraction procedure, developed by the Community Bureau of Reference (BCR). To assess the pollution level and potential ecological risk, the following indices were used: Geoaccumulation Index (Igeo), Potential Ecological Risk Factor (ER), Individual Contamination Factor (ICF), Risk Assessment Code (RAC), and Ecological Risk Factor (ERF)—the author’s index. Sludge samples were collected at successive stages of processing. The results revealed that the activated sludge process and sludge thickening have a significant impact on heavy metal distribution, while anaerobic digestion and dehydration decrease their mobility. The most dominant metals in the sludge samples were Zn and Cu. However, the content of heavy metals in sewage sludge did not exceed the permissible standards for agricultural purposes. The concentrations of heavy metals bound to the immobile fractions exhibited higher concentrations, compared to those bound to mobile fractions (except Zn). The values of the total indices indicated that sludge samples were moderately to highly contaminated with Zn, Hg, Cd, Cu, and Pb, of which only Hg, Cd, and Cu posed a potential ecological risk, while according to the speciation indices, sludge samples were moderately to very highly polluted with Zn, Cu, Cd, Cr, and Ni, of which Zn, Ni, and Cd were environmentally hazardous. The obtained results proved that assessment of the pollution level and potential ecological risk of heavy metals in sewage sludge requires knowledge on both their total concentrations and their chemical forms. Such an approach will help prevent secondary pollution of soils with heavy metals, which may influence the reduction of health risks associated with the consumption of plants characterized by a high metal content.
机译：这项研究旨在评估位于工业化程度最高的废水处理厂（WWTP）收集的污水污泥中的7种重金属（Cd，Cr，Cu，Hg，Ni，Pb和Zn）的污染和潜在的生态风险波兰（西里西亚省）地区。使用电感耦合等离子体光谱法（ICP-OES）和冷蒸气原子吸收光谱法（CVAAS）测定重金属的浓度。重金属的化学形式（化学形态）是由社区参考局（BCR）开发的三步化学顺序萃取程序确定的。为了评估污染水平和潜在的生态风险，使用了以下指标：地质累积指数（Igeo），潜在生态风险因子（ER），个人污染因子（ICF），风险评估代码（RAC）和生态风险因子（ERF） ）—作者的索引。在处理的连续阶段收集污泥样品。结果表明，活性污泥工艺和污泥增稠对重金属的分布有显着影响，而厌氧消化和脱水会降低其迁移率。污泥样品中最主要的金属是锌和铜。但是，污水污泥中的重金属含量未超过农业上允许的标准。结合到固定部分上的重金属浓度比结合到移动部分上的重金属浓度高（锌除外）。总指数值表明，污泥样品被锌，汞，镉，铜和铅污染中等至高度污染，其中只有汞，镉和铜构成潜在的生态风险，而根据形态指标，污泥样品被Zn，Cu，Cd，Cr和Ni污染至中度至高度污染，其中Zn，Ni和Cd对环境有害。获得的结果证明，对污泥中重金属的污染水平和潜在生态风险进行评估需要了解其总浓度和化学形式。这种方法将有助于防止土壤中重金属的二次污染，这可能会影响减少与食用金属含量高的植物有关的健康风险。

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