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Bee++: An Object-Oriented Agent-Based Simulator for Honey Bee Colonies

机译:Bee ++:面向对象的基于代理的蜜蜂殖民地模拟器

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摘要

We present a model and associated simulation package () to capture the natural dynamics of a honey bee colony in a spatially-explicit landscape, with temporally-variable, weather-dependent parameters. The simulation tracks bees of different ages and castes, food stores within the colony, pollen and nectar sources and the spatial position of individual foragers outside the hive. We track explicitly the intake of pesticides in individual bees and their ability to metabolize these toxins, such that the impact of sub-lethal doses of pesticides can be explored. Moreover, pathogen populations (in particular, Nosema apis, Nosema cerenae and Varroa mites) have been included in the model and may be introduced at any time or location. The ability to study interactions among pesticides, climate, biodiversity and pathogens in this predictive framework should prove useful to a wide range of researchers studying honey bee populations. To this end, the simulation package is written in open source, object-oriented code (C++) and can be easily modified by the user. Here, we demonstrate the use of the model by exploring the effects of sub-lethal pesticide exposure on the flight behaviour of foragers.
机译:我们提出了一个模型和相关的仿真程序包(),以捕获具有时变和天气相关参数的空间明晰景观中蜜蜂群体的自然动态。该模拟跟踪不同年龄和种姓的蜜蜂,菌落内的食物储藏,花粉和花蜜来源以及蜂巢外单个觅食者的空间位置。我们明确跟踪了单个蜜蜂中农药的摄入量及其代谢这些毒素的能力,从而可以探讨亚致死剂量农药的影响。而且,模型中包括了病原体种群(尤其是Nosema apis,蜡状Nosema cerenae和Varroa螨),并可以在任何时间或地点引入。在这种预测框架内研究农药,气候,生物多样性和病原体之间相互作用的能力应证明对研究蜜蜂种群的广泛研究人员有用。为此,仿真程序包是用开源的,面向对象的代码(C ++)编写的,并且用户可以轻松对其进行修改。在这里,我们通过探索亚致死性农药暴露对觅食者飞行行为的影响来证明该模型的使用。

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