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Biological Control Outcomes Using the Generalist Aphid Predator Aphidoletes aphidimyza under Multi-Prey Conditions

机译:在多猎物条件下使用通配蚜虫捕食者蚜虫进行蚜虫的生物防治结果。

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摘要

The aphidophagous midge Aphidoletes aphidimyza (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) is used in biological control programs against aphids in many crops. Short-term trials with this natural enemy demonstrated that that females prefer to oviposit among aphids colonizing the new growth of plants, leading to differential attack rates for aphid species that differ in their within-plant distributions. Thus, we hypothesized that biological control efficacy could be compromised when more than one aphid species is present. We further hypothesized that control outcomes may be different at different crop stages if aphid species shift their preferred feeding locations. Here, we used greenhouse trials to determine biological control outcomes using A. aphidimyza under multi-prey conditions and at different crop stages. At all plant stages, aphid species had a significant effect on the number of predator eggs laid. More eggs were found on M. persicae versus A. solani-infested plants, since M. persicae consistently colonized plant meristems across plant growth stages. This translated to higher numbers of predatory larvae on M. periscae-infested plants in two out of our three experiments, and more consistent control of this pest (78%–95% control across all stages of plant growth). In contrast, control of A. solani was inconsistent in the presence of M. persicae, with 36%–80% control achieved. An additional experiment demonstrated control of A. solani by A. aphidimyza was significantly greater in the absence of M. persicae than in its presence. Our study illustrates that suitability of a natural enemy for pest control may change over a crop cycle as the position of prey on the plant changes, and that prey preference based on within-plant prey location can negatively influence biological control programs in systems with pest complexes. Careful monitoring of the less-preferred pest and its relative position on the plant is suggested.
机译:蚜虫蚜虫蚜虫(Diptera:Cecidomyiidae)用于许多农作物的蚜虫生物防治计划。对这种天敌的短期试验表明,雌性更倾向于在定植于植物新生长的蚜虫中产卵,从而导致蚜虫在植物体内分布不同的情况下的攻击率也不同。因此,我们假设当存在一种以上的蚜虫时,生物学控制效果可能会受到影响。我们进一步假设,如果蚜虫物种改变其偏好的觅食位置,则在不同作物阶段的控制效果可能会有所不同。在这里,我们使用温室试验来确定在多种猎物条件下和不同作物生长阶段使用Aphidimyza进行生物防治的结果。在所有植物阶段,蚜虫种类对产下的捕食卵数量都有显着影响。由于在植物生长的各个阶段中持久存在着定植的分生组织,因此,在百日草中发现的卵要比对茄农杆菌多得多。在我们三个实验中的两个实验中,这转化为感染粘膜粘膜念珠菌的植物上的捕食性幼虫数量增加,并且对该害虫的控制更加一致(在植物生长的所有阶段均控制了78%–95%)。相比之下,在百日咳葡萄球菌的存在下,对sol。A. solani的控制不一致,达到了36%–80%的控制。另一个实验表明,在没有Persicae的情况下,蚜虫对A. solani的控制明显大于在其存在下的控制。我们的研究表明,天敌对害虫控制的适应性可能会随着作物周期中猎物位置的变化而在整个作物周期中发生变化,并且基于植物内部猎物位置的猎物偏好可能会对有害生物复合系统中的生物控制程序产生负面影响。建议仔细监测次优害虫及其在植物上的相对位置。

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