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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Insects >Local Insect Damage Reduces Fluctuating Asymmetry in Next-year’s Leaves of Downy Birch
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Local Insect Damage Reduces Fluctuating Asymmetry in Next-year’s Leaves of Downy Birch

机译：本地昆虫的危害减少了明年的霜降桦树叶片波动的不对称性

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摘要

Insect herbivory imposes stress on host plants. This stress may cause an increase in leaf fluctuating asymmetry (FA), which is defined as the magnitude of the random deviations from a symmetrical leaf shape. We tested the hypothesis that differences in leaf FA among individual shoots of downy birch, Betula pubescens, are at least partly explained by local damage caused by insects in the previous year. Unexpectedly, we found that in the year following the damage imposed by miners, leafrollers and defoliators, damaged birch shoots produced leaves with lower FAs compared to shoots from the same tree that had not been damaged by insects. This effect was consistent among the different groups of insects investigated, but intra-species comparisons showed that statistical significance was reached only in shoots that had been damaged by the birch leaf roller, Deporaus betulae. The detected decrease in leaf FA in the year following the damage agrees with the increases in shoot performance and in antiherbivore defence. The present results indicate that within-plant variation in leaf FA may have its origin in previous-year damage by insects, and that FA may influence the current-year’s distribution of herbivory.
机译：食草昆虫对寄主植物施加压力。此应力可能会导致叶片波动不对称性（FA）的增加，FA波动性是指偏离对称叶片形状的随机偏差的大小。我们检验了以下假设：在下一年的桦树毛桦（Betula pubescens）的各个枝中，叶片FA的差异至少部分是由昆虫在去年造成的局部破坏所解释的。出乎意料的是，我们发现，在矿工，卷叶人和落叶者造成的损害中，与没有受到昆虫损害的同一棵树的芽相比，受损的桦树芽产生的FA较低。在所研究的不同昆虫组中，这种效果是一致的，但种内比较显示，只有在桦树卷叶虫（Deporaus betulae）损坏的芽中才能达到统计学意义。受损后一年中检测到的叶片FA减少与枝条表现和抗草食动物防御能力的提高相吻合。目前的结果表明，叶片中植物内FA的变异可能起源于前一年受到昆虫的破坏，并且FA可能会影响当年草食动物的分布。

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