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Life History Effects Linked to an Advantage for wAu Wolbachia in Drosophila

机译：生活史效应与果蝇中的沃乌巴氏菌的优势有关

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摘要

Wolbachia endosymbiont infections can persist and spread in insect populations without causing apparent effects on reproduction of their insect hosts, but the mechanisms involved are largely unknown. Here, we test for fitness effects of the wAu infection of Drosophila simulans by comparing multiple infected and uninfected polymorphic isofemale lines derived from nature. We show a fitness advantage (higher offspring number) for lines with the wAu Wolbachia infection when breeding on grapes, but only where there was Talaromyces and Penicillium fungal mycelial growth. When breeding on laboratory medium, the wAu infection extended the development time and resulted in larger females with higher fecundity, life history traits, which may increase fitness. A chemical associated with the fungi (ochratoxin A) did not specifically alter the fitness of wAu-infected larvae, which developed slower and emerged with a greater weight regardless of toxin levels. These findings suggest that the fitness benefits of Wolbachia in natural populations may reflect life history changes that are advantageous under particular circumstances, such as when breeding occurs in rotting fruit covered by abundant mycelial growth.
机译：Wolbachia内共生菌感染可以在昆虫种群中持续存在并传播，而不会对其昆虫宿主的繁殖产生明显影响，但是所涉及的机制在很大程度上尚不清楚。在这里，我们通过比较多个自然界中感染和未感染的多态同种异体雌性品系，测试果蝇模拟物的wAu感染的适应性效果。当在葡萄上育种时，我们显示出与wAu Wolbachia感染的品系具有适应性优势（较高的后代数量），但仅在有Talaromyces和Penicillium真菌菌丝生长的地方。在实验室培养基上繁殖时，wAu感染延长了发育时间，并导致雌性大，繁殖力高，生活史特征高，从而可能增加适应性。与真菌相关的化学物质（och曲霉毒素A）并没有特异性地改变被wAu感染的幼虫的适应性，无论毒素水平如何，幼虫的发育速度都较慢，体重也较大。这些发现表明，Wolbachia在自然种群中的适应性益处可能反映了在特定情况下有利的生活史变化，例如在菌丝生长丰富的腐烂果实中繁殖时。

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