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Calcium Phosphate Bioceramics: A Review of Their History Structure Properties Coating Technologies and Biomedical Applications

机译:磷酸钙生物陶瓷:其历史结构性质涂层技术和生物医学应用的回顾

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摘要

Calcium phosphate (CaP) bioceramics are widely used in the field of bone regeneration, both in orthopedics and in dentistry, due to their good biocompatibility, osseointegration and osteoconduction. The aim of this article is to review the history, structure, properties and clinical applications of these materials, whether they are in the form of bone cements, paste, scaffolds, or coatings. Major analytical techniques for characterization of CaPs, in vitro and in vivo tests, and the requirements of the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and international standards from CaP coatings on orthopedic and dental endosseous implants, are also summarized, along with the possible effect of sterilization on these materials. CaP coating technologies are summarized, with a focus on electrochemical processes. Theories on the formation of transient precursor phases in biomineralization, the dissolution and reprecipitation as bone of CaPs are discussed. A wide variety of CaPs are presented, from the individual phases to nano-CaP, biphasic and triphasic CaP formulations, composite CaP coatings and cements, functionally graded materials (FGMs), and antibacterial CaPs. We conclude by foreseeing the future of CaPs.
机译:磷酸钙(CaP)生物陶瓷由于具有良好的生物相容性,骨整合性和骨传导性,因此在整形外科和牙科领域广泛用于骨骼再生领域。本文的目的是回顾这些材料的历史,结构,性质和临床应用,无论它们是以骨水泥,糊剂,脚手架还是涂层形式存在。还概述了用于表征CaP的主要分析技术,体外和体内测试,以及美国食品药品管理局(FDA)以及骨科和牙科骨内植入物上的CaP涂层的国际标准的要求,以及可能的效果。对这些材料进行灭菌。总结了CaP涂层技术,重点是电化学过程。讨论了有关生物矿化过程中瞬时前驱物相的形成,CaPs骨的溶解和再沉淀的理论。从单个阶段到纳米CaP,双相和三相CaP配方,复合CaP涂料和水泥,功能梯度材料(FGM)和抗菌CaP,提出了各种各样的CaP。我们通过预见CaP的未来来结束。

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