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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Horticulture Research >Draft genome sequence of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis) provides new insights into the C genome in Brassica species
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Draft genome sequence of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis) provides new insights into the C genome in Brassica species

机译：花椰菜（Brassica oleracea L. var。botrytis）的基因组序列草案提供了对芸苔属物种C基因组的新见解

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Cauliflower is an important variety of Brassica oleracea and is planted worldwide. Here, the high-quality genome sequence of cauliflower was reported. The assembled cauliflower genome was 584.60 Mb in size, with a contig N50 of 2.11 Mb, and contained 47,772 genes; 56.65% of the genome was composed of repetitive sequences. Among these sequences, long terminal repeats (LTRs) were the most abundant (32.71% of the genome), followed by transposable elements (TEs) (12.62%). Comparative genomic analysis confirmed that after an ancient paleohexaploidy (γ) event, cauliflower underwent two whole-genome duplication (WGD) events shared with Arabidopsis and an additional whole-genome triplication (WGT) event shared with other Brassica species. The present cultivated cauliflower diverged from the ancestral B. oleracea species ~3.0 million years ago (Mya). The speciation of cauliflower (~2.0 Mya) was later than that of B. oleracea L. var. capitata (approximately 2.6 Mya) and other Brassica species (over 2.0 Mya). Chromosome no. 03 of cauliflower shared the most syntenic blocks with the A, B, and C genomes of Brassica species and its eight other chromosomes, implying that chromosome no. 03 might be the most ancient one in the cauliflower genome, which was consistent with the chromosome being inherited from the common ancestor of Brassica species. In addition, 2,718 specific genes, 228 expanded genes, 2 contracted genes, and 1,065 positively selected genes in cauliflower were identified and functionally annotated. These findings provide new insights into the genomic diversity of Brassica species and serve as a valuable reference for molecular breeding of cauliflower.
机译：花椰菜是甘蓝型油菜的重要品种，在世界范围内种植。在这里，报道了花椰菜的高质量基因组序列。组装的花椰菜基因组大小为584.60 Mb，重叠群N50为2.11 Mb，包含47,772个基因。基因组的56.65％由重复序列组成。在这些序列中，长末端重复序列（LTR）最丰富（占基因组的32.71％），其次是转座因子（TEs）（12.62％）。比较基因组分析证实，在古代古六倍体（γ）事件之后，花椰菜经历了两个与拟南芥共有的全基因组重复（WGD）事件，以及另一个与其他芸苔属共有的全基因组三倍（WGT）事件。目前种植的花椰菜与约300万年前的祖先油菜物种（Mya）不同。花椰菜的形态（〜2.0 Mya）晚于油菜双歧杆菌。人均（约2.6 Mya）和其他芸苔属（2.0 Mya以上）。染色体号花椰菜03与芸苔属的A，B和C基因组以及其他八条染色体共享最多的同系结构，暗示该染色体号为No。 03可能是花椰菜基因组中最古老的一个，这与从芸苔属物种的共同祖先继承的染色体一致。另外，在花椰菜中鉴定了2,718个特异性基因，228个扩展基因，2个收缩基因和1,065个阳性选择基因，并进行了功能注释。这些发现为芸苔属物种的基因组多样性提供了新的见解，并为花椰菜的分子育种提供了有价值的参考。

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