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Polyploidy and its effect on evolutionary success: old questions revisited with new tools

机译：多倍体及其对进化成功的影响：用新工具重新审视旧问题

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Polyploidy, the condition of possessing more than two complete genomes in a cell, has intrigued biologists for almost a century. Polyploidy is found in many plants and some animal species and today we know that polyploidy has had a role in the evolution of all angiosperms. Despite its widespread occurrence, the direct effect of polyploidy on evolutionary success of a species is still largely unknown. Over the years many attractive hypotheses have been proposed in an attempt to assign functionality to the increased content of a duplicated genome. Among these hypotheses are the proposal that genome doubling confers distinct advantages to a polyploid and that these advantages allow polyploids to thrive in environments that pose challenges to the polyploid's diploid progenitors. This article revisits these long-standing questions and explores how the integration of recent genomic developments with ecological, physiological and evolutionary perspectives has contributed to addressing unresolved problems about the role of polyploidy. Although unsatisfactory, the current conclusion has to be that despite significant progress, there still isn't enough information to unequivocally answer many unresolved questions about cause and effect of polyploidy on evolutionary success of a species. There is, however, reason to believe that the increasingly integrative approaches discussed here should allow us in the future to make more direct connections between the effects of polyploidy on the genome and the responses this condition elicits from the organism living in its natural environment.
机译：多倍体是一种在细胞中拥有两个以上完整基因组的条件，这已经引起生物学家近一个世纪的兴趣。多倍体存在于许多植物和某些动物物种中，今天我们知道多倍体在所有被子植物的进化中都发挥了作用。尽管其广泛存在，但是多倍体对物种进化成功的直接影响仍是未知之数。多年来，已经提出了许多有吸引力的假设，以试图将功能分配给重复的基因组的增加的含量。在这些假设中，有人提出基因组加倍赋予多倍体独特的优势，并且这些优势使多倍体在对多倍体二倍体祖细胞构成挑战的环境中environments壮成长。本文回顾了这些长期存在的问题，并探讨了将近来的基因组学发展与生态，生理和进化观点相结合如何有助于解决多倍体作用的尚未解决的问题。尽管不能令人满意，但当前的结论是尽管取得了重大进展，但仍然没有足够的信息明确回答关于多倍体因果关系对物种进化成功的许多未解决的问题。但是，我们有理由相信，这里讨论的日益融合的方法应该使我们将来能够在多倍体对基因组的影响与这种情况从生活在自然环境中的生物体引起的反应之间建立更直接的联系。

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