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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Health Expectations : An International Journal of Public Participation in Health Care and Health Policy >Conceptual problems in laypersons’ understanding of individualized cancer risk: a qualitative study
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Conceptual problems in laypersons’ understanding of individualized cancer risk: a qualitative study

机译：外行人对个体化癌症风险的理解中的概念性问题：一项定性研究

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>Objective  To explore laypersons’ understanding of individualized cancer risk estimates, and to identify conceptual problems that may limit this understanding. >Background  Risk prediction models are increasingly used to provide people with information about their individual risk of cancer and other diseases. However, laypersons may have difficulty understanding individualized risk information, because of conceptual as well as computational problems. >Design  A qualitative study was conducted using focus groups. Semi‐structured interviews explored participants’ understandings of the concept of risk, and their interpretations of a hypothetical individualized colorectal cancer risk estimate. >Setting and participants  Eight focus groups were conducted with 48 adults aged 50–74 years residing in two major US metropolitan areas. Participants had high school or greater education, some familiarity with information technology, and no personal or family history of cancer. >Results  Several important conceptual problems were identified. Most participants thought of risk not as a neutral statistical concept, but as signifying danger and emotional threat, and viewed cancer risk in terms of concrete risk factors rather than mathematical probabilities. Participants had difficulty acknowledging uncertainty implicit to the concept of risk, and judging the numerical significance of individualized risk estimates. The most challenging conceptual problems related to conflict between subjective and objective understandings of risk, and difficulties translating aggregate‐level objective risk estimates to the individual level. >Conclusions  Several conceptual problems limit laypersons’ understanding of individualized cancer risk information. These problems have implications for future research on health numeracy, and for the application of risk prediction models in clinical and public health settings.
机译：>目的，以探索外行对个体癌症风险评估的理解，并确定可能限制这种理解的概念性问题。 >背景越来越多地使用风险预测模型为人们提供有关其自身患癌症和其他疾病风险的信息。但是，由于概念上和计算上的问题，外行人可能难以理解个性化的风险信息。 >设计使用焦点小组进行了定性研究。半结构化访谈探讨了参与者对风险概念的理解，以及他们对假设的个体化结直肠癌风险评估的解释。 >背景和参与者进行了八个焦点小组的调查，其中48个年龄在50-74岁的成年人居住在美国两个主要的大都市地区。参加者具有高中或更高学历，对信息技术有些了解，并且没有个人或家族癌症史。 >结果确定了几个重要的概念性问题。大多数参与者认为风险不是中立的统计概念，而是表示危险和情感威胁的观点，他们从具体的风险因素而不是数学概率的角度看待癌症风险。与会者难以确认风险概念所隐含的不确定性，并且难以判断个体化风险估计的数值意义。最具挑战性的概念问题涉及对风险的主观和客观理解之间的冲突，以及将汇总级别的客观风险估计值转换为个人级别时遇到的困难。 >结论几个概念性问题限制了外行对个体癌症风险信息的理解。这些问题对未来对健康计算的研究以及风险预测模型在临床和公共卫生环境中的应用都具有影响。

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