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Unsteady computational fluid dynamics analysis of the hydrodynamic instabilities in a reversible Francis turbine used in a storage plant

机译：蓄水池中可逆混流式水轮机水动力不稳定性的非稳态计算流体动力学分析

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摘要

The hydraulic storage plants play a strategic role in the management of large electrical networks. Besides the widely known capability to store and provide great amount of energy, in a green and efficient way, these plants are of utmost importance to guarantee the perfect balance of the Italian electricity grid. For this reason the reversible turbomachineries, used in these plants, are subjected to a particularly intensive use which strongly affects their reliability. The present work deals with a real issue of the ENEL Green Power "Anapo" storage hydro plant, located in Sicily (Italy). In this plant strong and increasing vibrations were detected in the Fink's guide vane, particularly during the pumping operating conditions. In order to find the sources of these vibrations and for a quantitative evaluation of the structural loads on the Fink's guide vane blades, an unsteady CFD 3D model of the reversible turbine was implemented and validated using data provided by ENEL. The model accurately reproduced the hydrodynamic behavior of the water flow within the entire machinery, between the Kaplan's diffuser and the spiral case. This allowed for the calculation of the time dependent trend of the structural loads over the Fink's vane blades. The frequencies and the amplitudes of the loads were analyzed through the use of a Fast Fourier Transformation. Moreover, the CFD model allowed for a sensitivity study of the guide vane opening angle effects. This study provides an interesting insight into the hydrodynamic behavior of the machine.
机译：液压存储工厂在大型电网的管理中起着战略作用。除了以绿色高效的方式存储和提供大量能源的广为人知的能力外，这些工厂对于确保意大利电网的完美平衡至关重要。因此，在这些设备中使用的可逆涡轮机械要进行特别密集的使用，这会严重影响其可靠性。当前的工作涉及位于意大利西西里岛的ENEL Green Power“ Anapo”蓄水电站的实际问题。在这家工厂中，在芬克的导流叶片中检测到强烈且不断增加的振动，特别是在泵送操作期间。为了找到这些振动的根源并定量评估Fink导叶叶片上的结构载荷，对可逆式涡轮机的非稳态CFD 3D模型进行了实施，并使用ENEL提供的数据进行了验证。该模型准确地再现了Kaplan扩散器和螺旋壳体之间整个机器内水流的水动力行为。这样就可以计算Fink叶片上结构载荷随时间的变化趋势。通过使用快速傅立叶变换来分析负载的频率和幅度。此外，CFD模型允许对导叶开度角效应进行敏感性研究。这项研究为机器的流体动力学行为提供了有趣的见解。

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