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Development and application of modern agricultural biotechnology in Botswana: The potentials opportunities and challenges

机译：博茨瓦纳现代农业生物技术的开发与应用：潜力机遇与挑战

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In Botswana, approximately 40% of the population live in rural areas and derive most of their livelihood from agriculture by keeping livestock and practising arable farming. Due to the nature of their farming practises livestock and crops are exposed to diseases and environmental stresses. These challenges offer opportunities for application of biotechnology to develop adaptable materials to the country's environment. On the other hand, the perceived risk of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) has dimmed the promise of the technology for its application in agriculture. This calls for a holistic approach to the application of biotechnology to address issues of biosafety of GMOs. We have therefore assessed the potentials, challenges and opportunities to apply biotechnology with specific emphasis on agriculture, taking cognisance of requirement for its research, development and application in research and teaching institutions. In order to achieve this, resource availability, infrastructure, human and laboratory requirements were analyzed. The analysis revealed that the country has the capacity to carry out research in biotechnology in the development and production of genetically modified crops for food and fodder crops. These will include gene discovery, genetic transformation and development of systems to comply with the world regulatory framework on biosafety. In view of the challenges facing the country in agriculture, first generation biotech crops could be released for production. Novel GM products for development may include disease diagnosis kits, animal disease vaccines, and nutrient use efficiency, drought, and pest and disease resistant food and fodder crops.
机译：在博茨瓦纳，约有40％的人口生活在农村地区，他们的大部分谋生手段是依靠饲养牲畜和从事可耕种农业。由于其耕作方式的本质，牲畜和农作物面临疾病和环境压力。这些挑战为应用生物技术开发适应该国环境的适应性材料提供了机会。另一方面，人们对转基因生物（GMO）的感知风险使该技术在农业中的应用前景黯淡。这就要求采用整体方法来应用生物技术来解决转基因生物的生物安全问题。因此，我们认识到对生物技术的研究，开发和在研究与教学机构中的应用需求，评估了应用生物技术特别针对农业的潜力，挑战和机遇。为了实现这一目标，分析了资源可用性，基础设施，人员和实验室需求。分析表明，该国有能力进行生物技术研究，以开发和生产用于粮食和饲料作物的转基因作物。这些将包括基因发现，遗传转化和系统开发，以符合世界生物安全法规框架。鉴于该国在农业方面面临的挑战，第一代转基因作物可用于生产。用于开发的新型转基因产品可能包括疾病诊断试剂盒，动物疾病疫苗和营养利用效率，干旱以及抗病虫害的食物和饲料作物。

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