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Recent advances in the role of non-invasive ventilation in acute respiratory failure

机译:无创通气在急性呼吸衰竭中的作用的最新进展

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摘要

Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) is the technique of delivering mechanical ventilation without endotracheal intubation or tracheostomy. This is increasingly being utilised in both acute and chronic conditions. Strong evidence supports the use of NIPPV for acute respiratory failure (ARF) to prevent endotracheal intubation (ETI) and to facilitate extubation in patients with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, to avoid ETI in acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema (ACPO), and in immunocompromised patients. Weaker evidence supports the use of NIPPV for patients with ARF due to asthma exacerbations, with postoperative ARF, pneumonia and acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome. NIPPV should be applied under close monitoring for signs of treatment failure and, in such cases, ETI should be promptly available. A trained team, at an appropriate location, with careful patient selection and optimal choice of devices can optimise the outcome of NIPPV.
机译:无创正压通气(NIPPV)是无需气管插管或气管切开术即可进行机械通气的技术。在急性和慢性疾病中越来越多地使用这种方法。有力的证据支持将NIPPV用于急性呼吸衰竭(ARF),以预防气管插管(ETI)并促进慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重的患者拔管,避免在急性心源性肺水肿(ACPO)和免疫功能低下的患者。较弱的证据支持将NIPPV用于因哮喘发作加重,术后ARF,肺炎和急性肺损伤/急性呼吸窘迫综合征的ARF患者。 NIPPV应在严密监视下应用,以发现治疗失败的征兆,在这种情况下,应立即获得ETI。经过培训的团队在适当的位置进行仔细的患者选择并选择最佳的设备,可以优化NIPPV的结果。

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